drugs for GI infections I

Question 1

What are the fluoroquinolones

Answer 1

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

Question 2

what are the antiprotozoals

Answer 2

metronidazole

Question 3

what other antibiotics are available for GI infections

Answer 3

vancomycin, bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 4

definition of diarrhea

acure, persisten chronic

Answer 4

> 3 unformed stools/day

acute 30 days

Question 5

what viruses cause diarrhea

Answer 5

noro and rota

Question 6

what bacteria cause diarrhea

Answer 6

salmonella, campylobacter, shigella, EHEC, vibrio, yersinia, EAEC, ETEC

Question 7

what protozoa can cause diarrhea

Answer 7

cryptosporidium, giardia, cyclospora, entamoeba, others

Question 8

what pathogens can cause dysentery

Answer 8

shigella, salmonella, campylobacter, EHEC, yersinia and C difficile

Question 9

what do you test for with bloody diarrhea and no fever or HUS

Answer 9

shiga toxin and EHEC

Question 10

bloody diarrhea with recent immigration from tropical Africa, Asia or Latin Aerica

Answer 10

entamoeba histolytica

Question 11

what bloody diarrhea is assoc with shellfish

Answer 11

vibrio

Question 12

general approach to Tx of infectious diarrhea

Answer 12

prevention dehydration

Question 13

Tx protocol for mild-moderate dehydration

Answer 13

oral rehydration therapy, superior to administratino of IV fluids

Question 14

necesary compounds in oral rehydration therapy

Answer 14

carbs (glucose), Na, K, cl and water

Question 15

Indiscriminant se of antimicrobials leads to increased risk of

Answer 15

antimicrobial Resistance, prolonged shedding of certain pathogens, Salmonella, C difficile
Side effects
superinfection after destruction of normal flora

Question 16

what is rec antibiotic for mild to moderate travelers diarrhea

Answer 16

loperamide of bismuth subsalicylate alone

Question 17

if travelers diarrhea is associated with fever or bloody stools, self tx with what antibiotics for how long

Answer 17

any of the floxacins for 3 days

Question 18

what drug is used to tx noninvasive strains of E coli

Answer 18

rifaximin

Question 19

what is Tx for quinolone R campylobacter

Answer 19

azithromycin

Question 20

what antibiiotic use is assoc with C difficile

Answer 20

clindamycin, ampicilin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, PPIs

Question 21

hish risk groups C diff

Answer 21

elderly, debilitated, cancer, surgical

Question 22

Tx options for C diff

Answer 22

metronidazole (PO or IV), vancomycin PO, fidazomicin

Question 23

Vancomycin is preffered for when in C diff

Answer 23

severe infection

otherwise use metronidazole

Question 24

how is vanco administered

Answer 24

PO

Question 25

Tx campylobacteriosis

Answer 25

erythromcyin

Question 26

if Diarrhea lasts longer than 7-10 days, most likley?

Answer 26

parasitic, giardia

Question 27

Tx giardia

Answer 27

metronidazole

Question 28

when is antibiotic Tx not recommended for diarrhea

Answer 28

EHEC, salmonella

Question 29

why do not use antibiotics with salmonella

Answer 29

increase fecal shedding of pathogens and associated with prolonged carriage and relapse, does not reduce diarrhea

Question 30

MOA idoquinol antiprotozoal

Answer 30

unknown, only effective on luminal organisms

Question 31

therapeutic use idoquinol

Answer 31

adjunt to metronisazole in amebiasis

Question 32

Adverse effects idoquinol

Answer 32

diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, comiting, abdominal pain, HA, rash, pruritis may increase protein bound serum iodine use caution in those with optic neuropathy, renal or thyroid disease or nonamebic hepatic disease

Question 33

MOA nitazoxanide

Answer 33

inhibits pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase pathway

Question 34

therapeutic use nitazoxanide

Answer 34

cryptosporidium | alternative to metronidazole in giardia

Question 35

MOA paromomycin

Answer 35

interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding 30S ribosomal subunits only luminal organisms

Question 36

therapeutic use paromomycin

Answer 36

Tx acute and chronic intestinal amebiasis | off label cryptosporidium

Question 37

adverse effects paromomycin

Answer 37

occasional abdominal distress and diarrea | may accumulate with renal insufficiency

Question 38

MOA albendazole

Answer 38

antihelminthic | though to inhibit microtubule synthesis

Question 39

wha tincreases absorption albendazole

Answer 39

fatty meals for tissue parasites | empty stomach for intraluminal parasites

Question 40

therapeutic use albendazole

Answer 40

hydatid disease cysticercosis pinworm and hookworm infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, strongyloides

Question 41

therapeutic use rifaximin

Answer 41

prevention hepatic encephalopathy travelers diarrhea from EHEC off label IBS and refractory C difficile

Question 42

MOA fidaxomicin

Answer 42

inhibits RNA polymerase resulting in inhibition protein synthesis causing cell death

Question 43

PK of fidaxomicin

Answer 43

GI tract, undergoes intestinal hydrolysis to a less active metabolie

Question 44

therapeutic use fidaxomicin

Answer 44

C difficile infection

Question 45

adverse effects fidaxomicin

Answer 45

nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting | HS reacitons have been reported