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Pharmacology > Drugs for Alzheimer's disese/ADHD/Anxiety > Flashcards

Drugs for Alzheimer's disese/ADHD/Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

What NT is deficent in alzheimer’s disease

A

Ach

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2
Q

The treatment of alzheimer’s disease is focused on what

A

Increasing the amount of Ach in the synapse by inhibiting its breakdown

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3
Q

What is the first strategy to tx alzheimer’s disease

A

to raise Ach levels

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4
Q

What prototype drug is used to raise Ach levels

A

Donepezil

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5
Q

What is the MOA of Donepezil

A

Achesterase inhibitor

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6
Q

DUMB BELSS is an acronym that stands for the AE’s associated with cholinergic agonism. What does it stand for?

A 
D-Diarrhea
U-Urination
M-Miosis
B-Bradycardia
E-Excitation (SM & CNS)
L-Lacrimation
S-Salivation
S-Sweating
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7
Q

What is the 2nd strategy used to treat alzheimer’s disease

A

Block glutamate receptors

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8
Q

Name two glutamate receptors

A

NMDA

non-NMDA

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9
Q

Name three synthetic agonists that have high affinity to glutamate receptors

A

NMDA
AMPA
Kainate

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10
Q

What is the theory behind treating patient’s with alzheimer’s with a glutamate receptor blocker

A

NMDA overstimulation is neurotoxic

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11
Q

What drug is used to block the glutamate receptor

A

Memantine

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12
Q

Memantine must be administered with what drug to help with the tx of alzheimer’s disease

A

Donepezil

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13
Q

What does ADHD stand for

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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14
Q

ADHD is characterized by

A

persistent pattern of frequent, severe, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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15
Q

ADHD starts before what age

A

7

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16
Q

What midbrain structure is the target for treating ADHD

A

Reticular Activating System

17
Q

What two drugs are used to tx ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Amphetamine (Adderall)

18
Q

Methylphenidate’s net effect is increase in what NT in the synapse

A

Dopamine

19
Q

What is Amphetamine’s MOA

A

Increases release of catecholoamine (Dopamine, NE)

20
Q

What are the most common AE’s associated with Methylphenidate and Amphetamine

A

Delayed sleep
H/A
Decreased appetite
Weight loss

21
Q

What drugs classes are used to tx Anxiety

A

Benzos
NonBenzo-Benzos
Buspirone

22
Q

What 3 NT are known to play a role in anxiety

A

GABA
5-HT
NE

23
Q

Name the peripheral manifestations of anxiety

A

NE r/t manifestations include: Mydriasis, HTN, tremors, restlessness, palpitations/tachycardia

Other symptoms:

diarrhea, dizziness, excessive sweating, syncope, butterflies

24
Q

What is the pharmacologic strategy for the tx of anxiety

A

behavior modification
anxiolytics
autonomic suppression via propanolol
antidepressant

25
Q

What is the MOA of treating anxiety with benzos

A

GABA agonists that enhances the affinity of GABA for its receptor facilitating opening of the Cl channel

26
Q

Will Benzos alone flux chloride

A

No, GABA must bind

27
Q

GABA release and Benzo administration yields what affect on the chloride channel

A

Increased frequency of chloride channel opening

28
Q

GABA release and Barbiturate administration yields what affect on the chloride channel

A

Increased duration of chloride channel opening

29
Q

What are the main effects of benzo tx

A

sedation
cognitive impairment
dependence and withdrawl

30
Q

Name three drugs in the Non Benzo Benzo receptor agonist family

A

Zolpidem (Ambien)
Zaleplon (Sonata)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

31
Q

What is the MOA of the Non Benzo Benzos

A

Agonize the GABA receptor, but are not structurally BZDs.

32
Q

What drug can be used to reverse Benzos and non-benzo benzos

A

Flumazenil

33
Q

What are the non benzo benzos used to tx

A

Insomnia

34
Q

What should be avoided in both benzos and non benzo benzos

A

ETOH

35
Q

What are the similarities and differences associated with both benzos and non benzo benzos

A

both classes cause addiction, drowsiness, and dependence; however, non benzo benzos have show less of these effects than benzos

36
Q

What is the relationship b/t increased anxiety and the NT serotonin

A

More serotonin (5-HT) =brain more acitive=more anxiety

37
Q

Buspirone’s net MOA is

A

decreased firing of 5-HT neurons and reduced release of 5-HT

38
Q

Tx of anxiety with benzo’s verses buspirone is based on interaction with the same target receptor T/F

A

False

benzo=GABA
buspirone=5-HT

39
Q

Which tx modality is more effective for treating a depressed patient with anxiety

A

Buspirone

*doesn’t cause sedation, dependence, impairment of performance

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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