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Pharmacology > Chemical/Biological/Nuclear/Radiological warfare > Flashcards

Chemical/Biological/Nuclear/Radiological warfare Flashcards

1
Q

Schedule 1 chemical agents are used how

A

few legitimate uses

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2
Q

Schedule 2 chemical agents are used how

A

small scale use

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3
Q

Schedule 3 chemical agents are used how

A

large scale industrial uses

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4
Q

Name three blistering agents

A

Mustard

Lewisite

Phosgene oxime

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5
Q

The chemical agent mustarg smells like

A

Garlic, onions, mustard, or odorless

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6
Q

How to treat mustard exposure

A

give milk

*don’t induce vomiting

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7
Q

Mustard has what effect on eyes

A

blindess up to 10 days

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8
Q

Lewisite smells like

A

geraniums (flowers)

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9
Q

Lewisite contains

A

arsenic

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10
Q

Lewisite may cause

A

hypotension

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11
Q

Phosgene oxime causes skin to have

A

red ring hives

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12
Q

Phosgene oxime causes what respiratory effect

A

pulmonary edema

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13
Q

Phosgene oxime should be treated with

A

water (flush 5-10 minutes)

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14
Q

Name five blood agents that affect the body by inhibiting the use and transfer of oxygen

A 
Arsine
Cyanide
Hydrogen Cyanide
Cyanogen Chloride
Sodium/Potassium cyanide
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15
Q

Cyanide smells like

A

bitter almond or no scent at all

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16
Q

What is the MOA of cyanide poisoning

A

cyanide ions halts cellular respiration by inhibiting cytochrome C oxidase preventing cells from ultilizing oxygen

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17
Q

What are CV signs of cyanide toxicity

A

brady and HTN»hypotension with Tachycardia»brady and Hypotension

*expect falsely elevated pulse oximetry

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18
Q

What skin color is noted in someone with cyanide toxicity

A

cherry red

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19
Q

What three drugs are used to tx cyanide toxicity

A

Amyl nitrate

Sodium nitrite

Sodium thiosulfate

20
Q

Arsine causes damage to

A

RBC

21
Q

Arsine has what odor

A

garlic

22
Q

Arsine is spread through

A

air

23
Q

Name two Choking agents

A

Chlorine

Phosgene

*cause pulmonary edema and respiratory failure

24
Q

What does chlorine smell like

A

bleach

25
Q

Phosgene smells like

A

hay, green corn

26
Q

How long could it take for phosgene symptoms to occur

A

48 hours

27
Q

Two classes of nerve agents include

A

carbamates

organophosphates

28
Q

what are three carbamates

A

physostigmine, neostigmine, and pyridostigmine

29
Q

What is an example of organophospates

A

irreversible pesticides

30
Q

G-series nerve gases include

A

Tabun
Sarin
Soman

31
Q

V-series nerve gases include

A

VX

32
Q

Nerve agents work by

A

inhibiting cholinesterase»respiratory paralysis

33
Q

What are early symptoms of nerve agent toxicity

A

Muscarinic effects

bronchospasm, bradycardia, miosis, SLUDGE

34
Q

What are late symptoms of nerve agent toxicity

A

Nicotinic effects

Motor»flaccid paralysis>apnea>death

35
Q

What are three antidotes to nerve agent toxicity

A

Atropine

2-PAM

Benzodiazepines

36
Q

If antidotes for nerve agent given too quickly, what can happen

A

Resp/cardiac arrest

37
Q

What agent is given as a prophalactic to nerve agent exposure

A

pyridostigmine

38
Q

Treatment of nerve gas with atropine can lead to Central anticholineric syndrome which manifests how?

A 
hyperthermia (from impaired sweating)
dry mouth
flushed skin (red)
mydriasis
delirium
39
Q

What is the antidote of atropine

A

physostigmine

40
Q

Name four biologic conditions that cause injury in warfare

A

anthrax
variola
viral hemorrhagic fever
plague

41
Q

Is inhalational anthrax infectious

A

no

*patient goes thru period of improvement»>sudden severe symptoms

42
Q

Small pox is caused by a virus and is characterized by

A

lung infection»bloodstream»to surface»RASH

43
Q

Ebola is known as

A

Viral hemorrhagic fever

44
Q

Name three toxins

A

Ricin
Botulism
Saxitorxin

45
Q

What is the most deadly toxin known

A

Botulism

46
Q

Botulism works by

A

binding to presynaptic cholinergic receptors»>decreaed Ach

*flaccid paralysis

47
Q

Saxitoxin effects

A

sodium channels via blockage

*death within minutes with inhalation

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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