DRUGS (Exam #1)

Question 1

Alcohol

Answer 1

CNS depressant
effects: MANY
Treatment: Disulfiram (aversion therapy), Naltrexone (reduce cravings), multivitamin

Treatment for withdrawal: Benzodiazepines (relieve high HR/BP/temp, reduce tremors, prevent delirium tremens), CNS depressants, anti-psychotic meds, vitamins (to reduce seizures)

Question 2

Cocaine

Answer 2

CNS stimulant (CNS stim –> CNS depress)

• -> increases release and blockage of reuptake of neurotransmitters
• -> increased dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin (long term use = deplete all dopamine)
  effects: last 10-20 min –> craving, depression, increased attention/energy/self-confidence
• can die from respiratory failure

Withdrawal:
-depletion of norepinephrine = sleep for 12-18 hours, sleep disturbances, depression, etc

Question 3

Amphetamines

Answer 3

PNS stimulant

–> block reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine

Question 4

Meth

Answer 4

Stimulant

• ->”rush” damages nerve terminals
  effects: highly addictive, “binge and crash” cycle, increased cravings

Question 5

Ecstacy

Answer 5

CNS stimulant

effects: hallucinations, paranoia, anxiety

Question 6

Nicotine

Answer 6

CNS, PNS, autonomic nervous system stimulant

effects: increased alertness/attention, appetite suppression
treatment: patches, Chantix

Question 7

Caffeine

Answer 7

Stimulant to Cerebral Cortex

effects: increased attention/energy, 500mg dose = vessel dilation, increased HR/resp

Question 8

Cannabis

Answer 8

CNS depressant
binds w/opioid receptors –> blocks dopamine reuptake
-stored in fat tissue/brain
effects: impairs memory formation, shifting attention, long term = anti-motivational behavior

Question 9

Hallucinogens

Answer 9

• mushroom, LSD

effects: euphoria, hallucinations, paranoia, altered sense of self

Question 10

Benzodiazepines

Answer 10

Depress CNS

• -> anti anxiety agent
  effect: increased sleep, decreased REM
  treatment: reduce stimuli, safe environment, observe pt

Question 11

Dissociative Anesthetics

Answer 11

*PCP, Ketamine
Depress CNS
effects: unable to send signals from conscious mind to other parts of the brain

Withdrawal: anxiety/autonomic rebound, sensory/motor/cognitive excitement

Question 12

Opiates/Morphine Derivatives

Answer 12

*heroin, oxycodone, codeine
CNS depressant
effects: increased euphoria, pleasure, reward, decreased pain
Treatment: 
1. Suboxone: Buprenorphine + Naloxone
2. Methadone
3. Naltrexone

Withdrawal: hyper-excitability

Question 13

Inhalants

Answer 13

CNS depressant

effects: euphoria, sedation, impaired judgment, “sudden sniffing death”

Question 14

Steroids

Answer 14

effects: increase irritability/aggression, euphoria, increased energy, decreased sperm production, breast enlargement