DRUGS: Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000)

Question 1

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000): Class

Answer 1

Sympathomimetic

Question 2

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000): Mechanism of Action

Answer 2

Direct-acting alpha and beta agonist.
Alpha: vasoconstriction.
Beta-1: Positive inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects.
Beta-2: Bronchial smooth muscle relations and dilation of skeletal vasculature.
Blocks histamine receptors.

Question 3

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000) - Indications

Answer 3

Allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, asthma

Question 4

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000) - Contraindications

Answer 4

None in the emergency setting. Relative contraindications include hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemic shock.

Question 5

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000) - Adverse Reactions & Side Effects

Answer 5

Nervousness
Restlessness
Headache
Tremor
Pulmonary Edema
Dysrhythmias
Chest Pain
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Nausea/Vomiting

Question 6

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000) - Drug Interations

Answer 6

Potentiates other sympathomimetics; MAOIs may potentiate effect. Beta-Blockers may blunt effect.

Question 7

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000) - Route

Answer 7

IM, subcutaneous

Question 8

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000): Dosage & Administration - ADULT

Answer 8

ADULT:
Allergic Reaction & Asthma: 0.3-0.5 mg (0.3-0.5 ML of 1mg/mL [1:1.000]) IM.

Question 9

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000): Dosage & Administration - PEDIATRIC

Answer 9

PEDIATRIC
Anaphylaxis/severe status asthmaticus: 0.01mg/kg (0.01mL/kg) IM of a 1mg/mL (1:1,000) solution (maximum single dose: 0.3mg).

Question 10

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000):Duration of Action

Answer 10

Onset: Immediate
Peak Effect: Minutes
Duration: Several Minutes

Question 11

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) 1 mg/mL (1:1,000): Special Considerations

Answer 11

Pregnancy Safety: If administered for anaphylaxis, risk of withholding outweighs risk to both mother and fetus of administration. May cause syncope in children with asthma. May increase myocardial oxygen demand.