DRUGS AFFECTING GASTROINTESTINAL SECRETIONS Flashcards
found in saliva begins the
breakdown of starches
Amylase
The breakdown of proteins occurs primarily in
the stomach through the action of of the
enzyme ___ and __
pepsin and Hydrochloric acid
The hydrochloric acid
concentration of the
stomach ranges from pH of
about ?
2 to 4
protects the
stomach walls from the
action of stomach acid
mucus lining of the
stomach
When excess acid is produced a
condition known as ___
results
acid indigestion
If excess acid is forced into the
esophagus ____ or ____
results
acid reflux or “heart burn”
High acid concentrations can damage
the stomach lining resulting in ___
ulcers
___ are a group of inorganic
chemicals that “neutralize” stomach
acid.
Antacids
Indications
* Symptomatic relief of GI hyperacidity,
treatment of hyperphosphatemia,
prevention of formation of phosphate
urinary stones.
- Treatment of calcium deficiency,
prevention of hypocalcemia. - Prophylaxis of stress ulcers, relief of
constipation.
Antacids
Adverse Effects
- Magnesium Compounds may cause (explosive) diarrhea
- Aluminum Compounds may cause
constipation and they also may interfere
with the adsorption of phosphates in the
formation of bones. This is more likely to be
true if they are taken for an extended period
of time - Carbonates may generate carbon dioxide
leading to bloating and flatulence.
Antacids
generic name:
aluminum salts
calcium salts
magaldrate
magnesium salts
sodium
Antacids
___ are often combined with alginates
and anti-foaming agents.
Antacids
float on the stomach contents to
form a neutralizing layer preventing reflux of
stomach acids up into the esophagus.
Hence they help to prevent acid reflux or
heart burn. Example is Gaviscon.
prevent the formation of gases and reduce flatulence (kabag)
Aliginates
- “decrease” the release of hydrochloric
acid in response to gastrin - Selectively block H2 receptors located
on the parietal cells. - Prevents the release of GASTRIN, a
hormone that causes local release of
histamine (due to stimulation of
histamine receptors), ultimately blocking
the production of hydrochloric acid.
Histamine-2 Antagonists
(Antihistamine)
Indications
- Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer or benign gastric ulcer.
- Treatment of pathological hypersecretory
conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - Prophylaxis of stress-induced ulcers and acute
upper GI bleeding in critical patients production
associated with extreme stress). - Treatment of erosive gastroesophageal reflux
(decreasing the acid being regurgitated into the
esophagus will promote healing and decrease
pain). - Relief of symptoms of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach.
Histamine-2 Antagonists
(Antihistamine)
