DRUGS Flashcards
The HCP has prescribed prednisone to a first grader. What outcome does the nurse expect with adrenocorticosteroid therapy? A/ Accelerated Wound Healing B/ Development of Hyperkalemia C/ Increased antibody production D/ Suppressed inflammatory process
D/ Suppressed inflammation
Because the suppression of inflammatory processes, the nurse must be alert to subtle symptoms of the inflammatory process, such as a change in appetite, sleep patterns, and behaviour.
A client has been receiving Digoxin and calls the clinic and complains of “Yellow Vision”. What is the nurse’s best response?
A/ This is related to you illness rather than the medication
B/ Continue to take digoxin because this is an expected side effect
C/ This side effect is only temporary. Continue to take the medication and notify me if it worsens.
D/ Discontinue your medication and come into the clinic for assessment
D/ Stop it.
Yellow vision indicated digoxin toxicity. The medication should be withheld until the HCP can assess the client and the digoxin blood level can be assessed.
A 15-year-old child is prescribed Claritin 10mg po od for hay fever. The girl tells the school nurse that she will be sleepy for a quiz the next day. How should the nurse respond?
A/ Explain the medication rarely causes drowsiness
B/ Advise her to take a half tablet before school to reduce the drowsy effects
C/ Suggest that she skip that day’s dose in case it makes her drowsy
D/ Recommend she calls the allergist to obtain a script for a stimulant.
A/ It shouldn’t make her drowsy.
Even if the medication were to cause drowsiness, the nurse has Ø legal authority to alter the prescribed dose.
An adolescent is hospitalized with multiple internal injuries after a MVA. The adolescent is being kept NPO and is receiving an IV infusion at 125mL/hr and an antibiotic reconstituted in 10mL of NS every 6 hours (6am, 12pm, 6pm, 12am). What is her intake from 7am to 3pm? Record your answer in mLs.
125mL x 8 hours = 1000mL
+
10mL NS reconsituted in the antibiotic….
1000mL + 10mL =
1010mL
Tylenol 15mg/kg is prescribed for a preschooler who weighs 44lb. Each 5 mL of solution contains 160 mg. How many mL of Tylenol should the nurse provide? Record the answer to ONE decimal place.
44 lb = 20kg
20kg x 15mg/kg = 300mg dose
300mg / 160mg x 5mL = 9.4 mL per dose
The post-operative prescriptions for a client who had repair of an inguinal hernia include docusate sodium OD. Before discharge, the nurse teaches the client that an intermittent side effect of this medication may be: A/ Rectal Bleeding B/ Fecal impaction C/ Nausea and Vomiting D/ Mild abdominal cramping
D/ Cramping
It is the only side effect of this medication.
A patient is admitted to the clinic with herpes simplex, the nurses understand that the HCP is likely to prescribe: A/ Clindamycin B/ Acyclovir C/ Amoxicillin D/ Sildenafil
B/ Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Since herpes Simplex is a Virus, Acyclovir will combat the infection by disrupting the DNA synthesis of the virus.
Clindamycin and Amoxicillin are antibacterial agents that would not work on viral infections, and Sildenafil is Viagra and would produce unwanted side effects.
While reviewing the med sheet of an unconscious patient in the Emergency room, you notice that he is on Adalimumab (Humira). Due to this, you most likely speculate the patient suffers from: A/ Basal Cell carcinoma B/ Congestive Heart Failure C/ Type II diabetes D/ Rheumatoid Arthritis
D/ R.A.
Humira is an IgG antibody specific for TNF (Tumour Necrosis Factor) which is responsible for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
What is the therapeutic action of Adenosine?
A/ Antidysrhythmic that reduces myocardial oxygen demand.
B/ Antiviral that inhibits Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase
C/ Decreases rate of Bone resorption in patients with osteoarthritis
D/ NSAID used for cardiac patients
A/ Antidysrthmic
Slows the conduction through the AV node pathway, and can interrupt reentry pathways through the AV node. Can restore NSR.
The ED doctor orders Adenosine 0.05mg/kg IV for a neonate experiencing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The baby weighs 2.3 kg. Adenosine comes in a vial of 1mg/2mL from the pharmacy. How many units of Adenosine should you provide?
- 3kg x 0.05mg/kg = 0.115 mg
- 115mg / 1mg x 2mL = 0.23 mL or
23 Units of Adenosine IV
A nurse is monitoring a patient on the medical floor who recently had a bowel resection. The patient has an infusion of TPN with lipids running into a central line. Which of the following complications would the nurse most likely see? A/ Hypercalcemia B/ Hypoalbunia C/ Hyperglyceridemia D/ Hypokalemia
C/ Hyperglyceridemia
A patient on TPN is at a higher risk of certain metabolic complications, including Hypo- or Hyperglycemia AND hyperglyceridemia. TPN contains a mix of vitamins and electrolytes as well as dextrose and lipids. When lipid emulsion is added, the patient maybe at a higher risk of developing elevated triglycerides.
The nurse understands that a client is to get which of the following drugs to paralyze the ciliary body muscles? A/ Homatropine B/ Phenylephrine C/ Cromolyn D/ Paredrine
A/ Homatropine
Which of the Following are selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors? Select all that apply? A/ Fluoxetine B/ Paroxetine C/ Amitriptyline D/ Nortriptyline E/ Sertraline
A/
B/
E/
Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline are tricyclic antidepressants.
A nurse is caring for a client with a central line. The nurse is unable to flush the line before giving their medication. Which interventions should the nurse perform to ensure that the line is not kinked? Select all that apply.
A/ Have the patient turn to a prone position
B/ Have the patient turn his head and cough
C/ Have the patient stand up
D/ Have the patient raise their arms above their head
E/ Have the patient verbalize and repeat a phrase.
B/ Cough
C/ Stand
D/ Arms
A mechanical occlusion is one that occurs when the internal catheter is kinked or the end of the catheter is up against the interior of the blood vessel.
A patient is being treated for depression after suffering from chronic back pain. The physician prescribes duloxetine. The patient is curious about the side effects of this drug. Which response from the nurse is correct?
A/ “This might make you feel more irritable or could increase the risk of worsening your depression”
B/ “There are very few side effects of this drug”
C/ “You will mostly experience excessive daytime drowsiness, so do not take before driving anywhere”
D/ “This medication can cause a fever and skin itching”
A/ Worsening with irritability
Cymbalta (Duloxetine) is a med that can make the patient feel more irritable and could worsen depressive symptoms, including thoughts of suicide.
Which IV sedative is used to produce a dissociative anesthesia in a client? A/ Sodium Pentothal B/ Ketamine C/ Fentanyl D/ Propofol
B/ Ketamine
Dissociative anesthesia is a form of anesthesia characterized by catalepsy, catatonia, analgesia, and amnesia. It does not necessarily involve loss of consciousness and thus does not always imply a state of general anesthesia. Often used with Children
What is the action of an ACE inhibitor? Which of the following is an example? A/ Ramipril B/ Metoprolol C/ Candesartan D/ Propofol
A/ Ramipril
Antihypertensive medication (lowers BP). Converts angiotensin I into Angiotensin II which is a vasoconstrictor that decreases BP.
What is the action of an Beta Blocker? Which of the following is an example? A/ Candesartan B/ Enalapril C/ Atenolol D/ Procardia
C/ Atenolol
Antihypertensive that blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, decreasing heart tissue excitability, reducing cardiac workload and O2 consumption. Lowers BP and slows HR
Which of the following clinical signs would make you within hold your patient's Metoprolol medication? A/ 116 BPM heart rate B/ 5.7 Blood Glucose C/ 91/48 Blood Pressure D/ 14 Respirations/min
C/ Hypotension
…because this medication will lower their blood pressure further.
What type of medication is Amlodipine, Diltiazem and Nifedipine? What does it do?
Calcium Channel Blockers
Slows HR and Decreases BP. Inhibits the movement of Ca+ across membrane of cardiac and arterial muscle cells. Slows the impulse conduction that slows HR and vasodilates arteries.
What is the clinical use for Atropine in Cardiac clients?
Increases HR and dries bodily secretions by blocking vagus nerve stimulation.
Indicated for Bradycardia, cardiac arrest or ventricular asystole.
What are some clinical findings of Digoxin toxicity?
Bradycardia Photosensitivity Nausea/Emesis Yellow-Green Vision Light Flashes (auras)
Which of the following medications might you expect the physician to prescribe IV for a patient in Ventricular Tachycardia? A/ Propofol B/ Lidocaine C/ Ceftriaxone D/ Epinephrine
B/ Lidocaine
Lidocaine acts on the ventricles of the heart by reducing their electrical stimulation threshold which then stabilizes the cardiac membrane and decreases cardiac irritability.
Propofol is used to sedate
Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic
Epinephrine is contraindicated for Ventricular Tachycardia as it will increase Cardiac excitability and HR.
A patient comes in with a subdural hematoma and is currently on the following medications: Coumadin Atenolol Candesartan Januvia Zoplicone Vitamin B12
Which of these medications places this patient at further risk of injury in relation to his recent fall and subdural hematoma? What would you use as an antidote for this medication?
Coumadin (Warfarin)
Coumadin is an anticoagulant that increases the risk of bleeding by thinning the blood. To counteract this, Vitamin K will be given.
Which of the following medications can cause hyperplasia of the gums? A/ Allopurinol B/ Dilantin C/ Premarin D/ Canestan Oral
B/ Dilantin
What are the uses of benzodiazepines used for?
Diazepam, Ativan, Oxazepam, Temazepam
Anxiety
Sedation
Mild Anesthesia
Skeletal Muscle relaxation
Why might a HCP prescribe dopamine to a cardiac patient? What side effects should be monitored for?
Dilation of coronary arteries
Side effects include Increases ocular pressure, Tachycardia, decreased urinary output and headache (sign of drug toxicity).
Epinephrine, Benadryl, Oxygen, and Corticosteroids are given during anaphylaxis, however, which of the following drugs can also be given IV? A/ Zantac B/ Metoprolol C/ Perindopril D/ Diazepam
A/ Zantac
Antihistamine that works alongside Benadryl to block H1 and H2 histamine receptors.
What does Atorvastatin do?
Lipid-lowering agent that reduces cholesterol which is a primary prevention agent against cardiovascular disease.
What is Albuterol used to treat?
Bronchodilator used to treat Asthma and COPD. Binds to Beta2 adrenergic receptors that relaxes smooth muscles in the airway.
A patient with osteoporosis may be placed on which of the following medications? A/ Citalopram B/ Metformin C/ Alendronate D/ Apixaban
C/ Alendronate
Inhibits the resorption of bone
What is amiodarone used for and how does it work?
Used in Ventricular arrhythmias, Supraventricular Tachycardia, Ventricular Fibrillation and Tachycardia
Prolongs the action potential of cardiac muscle, slows heart rate and causes peripheral vasodilation.
What is Amitryptiline used for? What does it increase the effect of?
Used in depression, anxiety and insomnia.
Increases the effects of serotonin and norepinephrine.
A patient on amlodipine should be told to avoid with substance? A/ Salt B/ Sugar substitutes C/ Grapefruit D/ NSAIDS
C/ Grapefruit
Increases drug levels in the blood.
How does amoxicillin fight bacterial infections? What is one of the major contraindications for this type of therapy?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis.
Contraindicated in people with allergies tp penicillin
