Drugs Flashcards
Mesna
Reacts in the bladder with acroleine, a metabolite of the anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide, thus preventing hemorrhaguc cystitis
Mannitol
increases the osmolarity of various body fluids. This effect can promote diuresis or reduction of cerebral edema.
cholestyramine, colestipol and colesevelam
Bind bile acids in the intestinal lumen and prevent their, reabsorption. Used to treat hyperlipidemia.
Dimercaprol
chelates heavy metals
Structural analogs of pyrimidines and purines
can incorporate into nucleic acids and alter their functions. Used for cancer and antiviral chemotherapy.
Phenoxybenzamine
Irreversible alpha-adrenoceptor blocker used in the txt of pheochromocytoma
Aspirin & omeprazole
irreversible enzyme inhibitors
Ketamine
Non-competitive antagonist
- It is an IV anesthetic
- It is a noncompetitive antagonist at NMDA receptors
Protamine vs Heparin
chemical antagonist
Epinephrine vs histamine
physiological antagonists
Famotidine and metoprolol
Inverse agonists
- shift receptors to an inactive state.
Imatinib (Gleevec)
Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor
Cholinergic agonists: Direct acting drugs
Acetylcholine Bethanechol Carbachol Methacholine Muscarine Arecoline Pilocarpine Nicotine
Cholinergic agonists: AchE Inhibitors
Edrophonium Physostigmine Neostigmine Pyridostigmine Echothiophate Malathion Parathion Tabun Sarin Soman Donepezil Rivastigmine Galantamine
Cholinergic agonists: Reactivator of AChE
Pralidoxime
Cholinergic antagonists: Muscarinic Antagonists
Atropine Scopolamine Ipratropium Tiotropium Homatopine Cyclopentolate Tropicaminde Benztropine Trihexyphenidyl Glycopyrolate Tolterodine
cholinergic antagonist: Ganglion Blockers
Mecamylamine
Trimethaphan
Hexamethonium
- were used for HTN
Cholinergic antagonist: Neuromuscular blockers
Tubocurarine
Succinylcholine
Cholinergic antagonist: Drugs that act presynaptically
Hemicholinium
Vesamicol
Botulinum Toxin
Adrenergic agonists: Direct acting agonists
Endogenous catecholamines:
epinephirne
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
diphenhydramine
Antihistamine. H1 receptor antangonist used to treat allergic reactions.
- crosses BBB to antagonize R’s in CNS, leading to somnolence.
Off Target effects
Terfenadine (an antihistamine), also inhibits a cardiac potassium channel (hERG). Drug has been withdrawn.
Enantiomers of drugs
-R and S thalidomide to treat morning sickness. R safe, S potent teratogen
Unintended activation of different recepors subtypes
Many receptors have many different subtypes (eg, P2Y recpetors > 8 KNown)
Production of toxic metabolite
A drug metabolite can have an adverse effect. (eg. excess acteminophen & NAPQI)
Quaternary ammmonium Muscarininc antagonists
Ipratropium and Tiotropium
- used as inhalation drugs in the txt of COPD
- and adjuvant for asthma therapy
- Bronchodilation [M3]
Glycopyrrolate:
- used orally to inibit GI motility
- Parenterally used to prevent bradycardia during surgical procedures
Tertiary amines that indicated in parkinsonism
Benztropine & Trihexyphenidyl
- Restores balance of input after loss of dopamineric neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway
Tertiary amines that cause Mydriasis and cycloplegia
Homatropine, cyclopentolate, Tropicamide
- Mydriasis and cycloplegia: preferred over atropine because of shorter duration of action
Tertiary amine that relaxes smooth muscle and is used for txt of overactive bladder
Tolterodine
what is the txt for Malignant hyperthermia caused by succinylcholine a cholinergic antagonist (neuromuscular blocker)?
Dantrolene
cholinergic antagonists drug that acts presynaptically to block choline transporter [CHT1] thus preventing uptake and synthesis of acetylcholine
Hemicholinium
