Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
-lytic
A
Suffix: dissolving, reducing, loosening
2
Q
-mimetic
A
Suffix: mimicking, simulating
3
Q
-tropic
A
Suffix: acting on
4
Q
anti-
A
Prefix: against
5
Q
contra-
A
Prefix: against, opposite
6
Q
counter-
A
Prefix: against, opposite
7
Q
contra-, aka
A
counter-, aka
8
Q
alg/o, alg/i, algesi/o
A
Root: pain
9
Q
chem/o
A
Root: chemical
10
Q
hypn/o
A
Root: sleep
11
Q
narc/o
A
Root: stupor
12
Q
pharm, pharmac/o
A
Root: medicine, drug
13
Q
pyr/o, pyret/o
A
Root: fever, fire
14
Q
tox/o, toxic/o
A
Root: poison, toxin
15
Q
vas/o
A
Root: vessel
16
Q
anaphylaxis
A
extreme allergic reaction leading respiratory distress, circulatory collapse, and death
17
Q
antagonist
A
substance interfering with drug treatment
18
Q
contraindiciation
A
side effect or other factor that makes a drug dangerous or undesirable for a particular individual
19
Q
drug
A
substance that alters body function
20
Q
efficacy
A
effectiveness of a drug to produce desired result
21
Q
generic drug name
A
drug which is not trademarked, simplified version of the chemical name, not capitalized
22
Q
trade drug name
A
brand name of a drug which is trademarked, begins with a capital letter when written
23
Q
phytomedicine, aka
A
herbal medicine, aka
24
Q
potentiation
A
increased effects of a drug which has reacted with another
25
prescription
written and signed order for a treatment with directions for administration
26
side effect
secondary effect(s) of treatment other than that for which it was prescribed
27
substance dependence
physiological or psychological dependence on an administered substance, characterized by a compulsive need for the drug regardless of its adverse effects
28
synergy
treatment involving more than one drug and resulting in increased efficacy
29
tolerance
chronic use of a drug resulting in a loss of effectiveness over time, dose must be increased periodically to achieve intended response equivalent to the original
30
withdrawal
resulting condition of patient from cessation or reduction of dependent drug
31
APAP
Abbrev: acetaminophen
32
ASA
Abbrev: acetylsalicylic acid
33
cap
Abbrev: capsule
34
CPhA
Abbrev: Canadian Pharmacists Association
35
CPS
Abbrev: Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialities
36
elix
Abbrev: elixir
37
INH
Abbrev: Isoniazid (anti-tuberculosis drug)
38
NHPD
Abbrev: Natural Health Products Directorate
39
NSAID(s)
Abbrev: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(s)
40
supp
Abbrev: suppository
41
susp
Abbrev: suspension
42
tinct
Abbrev: tincture
43
ung
Abbrev: ointment
44
Rx: a
Rx: before, ante
45
Rx: aa
Rx: of each
46
Rx: ac
Rx: before meals
47
Rx: ad lib
Rx: as desired
48
Rx: aq
Rx: water, aqua
49
Rx: c
Rx: with
50
Rx: cc
Rx: cubic centimeter
51
Rx: D/C, dc
Rx: discontinue
52
Rx: DS
Rx: double strength
53
Rx: gt(t)
Rx: drop(s)
54
Rx: hs
Rx: at bedtime
55
Rx: IM
Rx: intramuscular
56
Rx: IU
Rx: international unit
57
Rx: LA
Rx: long-acting
58
Rx: mcg
Rx: microgram
59
Rx: p
Rx: after, post
60
Rx: pc
Rx: after meals
61
Rx: po
Rx: by mouth, per os
62
Rx: pp
Rx: after a meal,
63
Rx: qam
Rx: every morning
64
Rx: qd
Rx: every day
65
Rx: qh
Rx: every hour
66
Rx: q ___ h
Rx: every ___ hours
67
Rx: qid
Rx: four times per day
68
Rx: qod
Rx: every other day
69
Rx: s
Rx: without
70
Rx: SA
Rx: sustained action
71
Rx: SC,
Rx: subcutaneous
72
Rx: SQ
Rx: subcutaneous
73
Rx: SR
Rx: sustained release
74
Rx: ss
Rx: half
75
Rx: tid
Rx: three times per day
76
Rx: U
Rx: units
77
Rx: s
Rx: times
78
drug absorption
drug administration via digestive tract or other membrane transfer
79
drug instillation
drug administration via liquid poured slowly into a cavity or onto a surface (e.g. into ear or onto eye)
80
oral drug administration
drug administration by mouth
81
SL
Abbrev: sublingual
82
aerosol
sol'n dispersed as a mist for inhalation
83
aqueous sol'n
water containing a dissolved substance
84
elixir
hydro-alcoholic, clear, sweetened oral liquid
85
emulsion
mixture of two insoluble liquids
86
lotion
topical solution
87
suspension
mixture of liquid and fine, insoluble solid particulates
88
tincture
mixture of alcoholic solution with a dissolved substance
89
cream
semisolid topical emulsion
90
ointment
drug mixed into a sticky base which keeps it in contact with the skin/intended surface
91
capsule
gelatinous encasement encasing easily digested contents
92
lozenge
pleasantly flavoured tablet which is easily dissolved in the mouth
93
suppository
drug mixed within a moldable base which easily melts upon insertion into an opening of the body
94
tablet
molded and compressed form of drug, either pure or mixed in an inactive ingredient base
95
tablet, aka
pill, aka
96
aloe leaf
herbal medicine used to treat minor burns or skin irritations
97
black cohosh root
herbal medicine used to treat menopausal hot flashes
98
chamomile flower
herbal medicine used as a mild sedative, to treat inflammation and GI spasms
99
echinacea flower
herbal medicine used to promote the immune system, to treat colds and superficial wounds
100
evening primrose seed oil
herbal medicine used as a source of EFA's, to treat PMS, skin disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis
101
flax seed
herbal medicine used as a source of EFA's, and regulates blood cholesterol levels
102
gingko leaf
herbal medicine used to improve blood circulation and nervous system function
103
ginseng root
herbal medicine used to reduce stress, and lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels
104
green tea
herbal medicine used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial, and to treat GI & skin cancers, dental decay
105
kava root
herbal medicine used to treat anxiety and as a mild sedative
106
milk thistle seeds
herbal medicine used as an antioxidant and to detoxify the liver
107
saw palmetto berries
herbal medicine used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
108
slippery elm bark
herbal medicine used to treat throat, GI & skin irritation
109
soy bean
herbal medicine used to treat menopausal symptoms
110
St. John's wort flower
herbal medicine used to treat anxiety & depression, HIGHLY REACTIVE WITH OTHER DRUGS
111
Tea tree leaf oil
herbal medicine used to treat cuts, infections, burns and as an antimicrobial
112
valerian root
herbal medicine used as a sedative to treat sleep dysfunction
113
bolus
concentrated substance given rapidly intravenously for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons
114
ampule
small sealed glass or plastic container to store sterile solutions
115
Suffix: dissolving, reducing, loosening
-lytic
116
Suffix: mimicking, simulating
-mimetic
117
Suffix: acting on
-tropic
118
Prefix: against
anti-
119
Prefix: against, opposite
contra-, counter-
120
counter-, aka
contra-, aka
121
Root: pain
alg/o, alg/i, algesi/o
122
Root: chemical
chem/o
123
Root: sleep
hypn/o
124
Root: stupor
narc/o
125
Root: medicine, drug
pharm, pharmac/o
126
Root: fever, fire
pyr/o, pyret/o
127
Root: poison, toxin
tox/o, toxic/o
128
Root: vessel
vas/o
129
extreme allergic reaction leading respiratory distress, circulatory collapse, and death
anaphylaxis
130
substance interfering with drug treatment
antagonist
131
side effect or other factor that makes a drug dangerous or undesirable for a particular individual
contraindiciation
132
effectiveness of a drug to produce desired result
efficacy
133
drug which is not trademarked, simplified version of the chemical name, not capitalized
generic drug name
134
brand name of a drug which is trademarked, begins with a capital letter when written
trade drug name
135
herbal medicine, aka
phytomedicine, aka
136
increased effects of a drug which has reacted with another
potentiation
137
written and signed order for a treatment with directions for administration
prescription
138
secondary effect(s) of treatment other than that for which it was prescribed
side effect
139
physiological or psychological dependence on an administered substance, characterized by a compulsive need for the drug regardless of its adverse effects
substance dependence
140
treatment involving more than one drug and resulting in increased efficacy
synergy
141
chronic use of a drug resulting in a loss of effectiveness over time, dose must be increased periodically to achieve intended response equivalent to the original
tolerance
142
resulting condition of patient from cessation or reduction of dependent drug
withdrawal
143
Abbrev: acetaminophen
APAP
144
Abbrev: acetylsalicylic acid
ASA
145
Abbrev: capsule
cap
146
Abbrev: Canadian Pharmacists Association
CPhA
147
Abbrev: Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialities
CPS
148
Abbrev: elixir
elix
149
Abbrev: Isoniazid (anti-tuberculosis drug)
INH
150
Abbrev: medications, medicines
MED(s)
151
Abbrev: Natural Health Products Directorate
NHPD
152
Abbrev: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(s)
NSAID(s)
153
Abbrev: prescription
Rx
154
Abbrev: suppository
supp
155
Abbrev: suspension
susp
156
Abbrev: tablet
tab
157
Abbrev: tincture
tinct
158
Abbrev: ointment
ung
159
Rx: before, ante
Rx: a
160
Rx: of each
Rx: aa
161
Rx: before meals
Rx: ac
162
Rx: as desired
Rx: ad lib
163
Rx: water, aqua
Rx: aq
164
Rx: twice per day
Rx: bid
165
Rx: with
Rx: c
166
Rx: cubic centimeter
Rx: cc
167
Rx: discontinue
Rx: D/C, dc
168
Rx: double strength
Rx: DS
169
Rx: drop(s)
Rx: gt(t)
170
Rx: at bedtime
Rx: hs
171
Rx: intramuscular
Rx: IM
172
Rx: international unit
Rx: IU
173
Rx: long-acting
Rx: LA
174
Rx: microgram
Rx: mcg
175
Rx: after, post
Rx: p
176
Rx: after meals
Rx: pc
177
Rx: by mouth, per os
Rx: po
178
Rx: after a meal,
Rx: pp
179
Rx: as needed
Rx: prn
180
Rx: every morning
Rx: qam
181
Rx: every day
Rx: qd
182
Rx: every hour
Rx: qh
183
Rx: every ___ hours
Rx: q ___ h
184
Rx: four times per day
Rx: qid
185
Rx: every other day
Rx: qod
186
Rx: without
Rx: s
187
Rx: sustained action
Rx: SA
188
Rx: subcutaneous
Rx: SC, SQ, subcu
189
Rx: sustained release
Rx: SR
190
Rx: half
Rx: ss
191
Rx: three times per day
Rx: tid
192
Rx: units
Rx: U
193
Rx: times
Rx: s
194
drug administration via digestive tract or other membrane transfer
drug absorption
195
drug administration via respiratory system
drug inhalation
196
drug administration via liquid poured slowly into a cavity or onto a surface (e.g. into ear or onto eye)
drug instillation
197
drug administration by mouth
oral drug administration
198
drug administration via the rectum
rectal drug administration
199
drug administration under the tongue
sublingual drug administration
200
Abbrev: sublingual
SL
201
drug administration via application to the surface of the skin
topical drug administration
202
drug administration via absorption through the skin (e.g. drug patch)
transdermal drug administration
203
drug administration via needle or syringe
drug injection
204
drug administration via injection between the spinal cord membranes and the spine
epidural drug administration
205
drug administration via injection into the skin
intradermal drug administration
206
drug administration via injection into a muscle
intramuscular drug administration
207
drug administration via injection into a vein
intravenous drug administration
208
drug administration via injection into spinal fluid
spinal drug administration
209
drug administration via injection into hypodermis/beneath the skin
subcutaneous drug administration
210
sol'n dispersed as a mist for inhalation
aerosol
211
water containing a dissolved substance
aqueous sol'n
212
hydro-alcoholic, clear, sweetened oral liquid
elixir
213
mixture of two insoluble liquids
emulsion
214
topical solution
lotion
215
mixture of liquid and fine, insoluble solid particulates
suspension
216
mixture of alcoholic solution with a dissolved substance
tincture
217
semisolid topical emulsion
cream
218
drug mixed into a sticky base which keeps it in contact with the skin/intended surface
ointment
219
gelatinous encasement encasing easily digested contents
capsule
220
pleasantly flavoured tablet which is easily dissolved in the mouth
lozenge
221
drug mixed within a moldable base which easily melts upon insertion into an opening of the body
suppository
222
molded and compressed form of drug, either pure or mixed in an inactive ingredient base
tablet
223
pill, aka
tablet, aka
224
herbal medicine used to treat minor burns or skin irritations
aloe leaf
225
herbal medicine used to treat menopausal hot flashes
black cohosh root
226
herbal medicine used as a mild sedative, to treat inflammation and GI spasms
chamomile flower
227
herbal medicine used to promote the immune system, to treat colds and superficial wounds
echinacea flower
228
herbal medicine used as a source of EFA's, to treat PMS, skin disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis
evening primrose seed oil
229
herbal medicine used as a source of EFA's, and regulates blood cholesterol levels
flax seed
230
herbal medicine used to improve blood circulation and nervous system function
gingko leaf
231
herbal medicine used to reduce stress, and lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels
ginseng root
232
herbal medicine used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial, and to treat GI & skin cancers, dental decay
green tea
233
herbal medicine used to treat anxiety and as a mild sedative
kava root
234
herbal medicine used as an antioxidant and to detoxify the liver
milk thistle seeds
235
herbal medicine used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
saw palmetto berries
236
herbal medicine used to treat throat, GI & skin irritation
slippery elm bark
237
herbal medicine used to treat menopausal symptoms
soy bean
238
herbal medicine used to treat anxiety & depression, HIGHLY REACTIVE WITH OTHER DRUGS
St. John's wort flower
239
herbal medicine used to treat cuts, infections, burns and as an antimicrobial
Tea tree leaf oil
240
herbal medicine used as a sedative to treat sleep dysfunction
valerian root
241
concentrated substance given rapidly intravenously for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons
bolus
242
small sealed glass or plastic container to store sterile solutions
ampule
243
analgesics
drugs that alleviate pain
244
drugs that alleviate pain
analgesics
245
adrenergics, aka
sympathomimetics, aka
246
adrenergics
drugs that mimic the stress reactions of the sympathetic nervous system
247
drugs that prevent coagulation and formation of blood clots
anticoagulants
248
sympathomimetics
drugs that mimic the stress reactions of the sympathetic nervous system
249
drugs that mimic the stress reactions of the sympathetic nervous system
sympathomimetics or adrenergics
250
anesthetics
drugs that reduce or eliminate sensation
251
drugs that reduce or eliminate sensation
anesthetics
252
anticoagulants
drugs that prevent coagulation and formation of blood clots
253
anticonvulsants
drugs that suppress or reduce the number/intensity of seizures
254
drugs that suppress or reduce the number/intensity of seizures
anticonvulsants
255
antidiabetics
drugs that prevent or alleviate diabetes
256
drugs that prevent or alleviate diabetes
antidiabetics
257
antiemetics
drugs that relieve nausea and prevent vomitting
258
drugs that relieve nausea and prevent vomitting
antiemetics
259
antihistamines
drugs that prevent histamine-mediated responses (allergic & inflammatory reactions)
260
drugs that prevent histamine-mediated responses (allergic & inflammatory reactions)
antihistamines
261
antihypertensives
drugs that lower blood pressure
262
drugs that lower blood pressure
antihypertensives
263
How do antihypertensives reduce blood pressure?
reducing cardiac output, vasodilation, diuretics
264
antiinflammatories
drugs that counteract inflammation and swelling
265
drugs that counteract inflammation and swelling
antiinflammatories
266
What are two types of antiinflammatories?
corticosteroids & NSAIDS (non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs)
267
How do corticosteroids reduce inflammation?
immune system suppression
268
How do NSAIDs reduce inflammation?
prostaglandin synthesis interference
269
antiinfective agents
drugs that kill or prevent growth of infectious organisms
270
drugs that kill or prevent growth of infectious organisms
antiinfective agents
271
antineoplastics
drugs that destroy cancer cells
272
drugs that destroy cancer cells
antineoplastics
273
How do antiarrythmics act on the heart?
correct heart rhythm abnormalities
274
drugs that correct heart rhythm abnormalities
antiarrythmics
275
beta-adrenergic blockers, aka
beta-blockers
276
How do beta-blockers act on the heart?
inhibit sympathetic nervous system functions to reduce heart rate and force of contractions
277
drugs that inhibit sympathetic nervous system functions to reduce heart rate and force of contractions
beta-blockers
278
How do calcium-channel blockers act on the heart?
dilate coronary arteries, slow heart rate, and reduce contractions
279
drugs that dilate coronary arteries, slow heart rate, and reduce contractions
calcium-channel blockers
280
How do hypolipidemics act on the heart?
lower cholesterol
281
drugs that lower cholesterol
hypolipidemics
282
How do nitrates act on the heart?
drugs that dilate coronary arteries and thus lower blood pressure and venous return to the heart to reduce workload of the heart
283
drugs that dilate coronary arteries and thus lower blood pressure and venous return to the heart to reduce workload of the heart
nitrates
284
diuretics
drugs that promote kidneys to excrete more water & electrolytes to relieve edema & high blood pressure
285
drugs that promote kidneys to excrete more water & electrolytes to relieve edema & high blood pressure
diuretics
286
How do antidiarrheals act on the GI tract?
treat or prevent diarrhea by absorbing irritants or decreasing activity of the smooth muscle in the intestinal lining
287
drugs that treat or prevent diarrhea by absorbing irritants or decreasing activity of the smooth muscle in the intestinal tract
antidiarrheals
288
How do Histamine H2 antagonists act on the GI tract?
decrease the secretion of stomach acid to treat ulcers etc. by interfering with histamine receptors
289
drugs that decrease the secretion of stomach acid to treat ulcers etc. by interfering with histamine receptors
histamine H2 antagonists
290
How do laxatives act on the GI tract?
promote elimination from the large intestine
291
drugs that promote elimination from the large intestine
laxatives
292
four types of laxatives
stimulants, hyperosmotics, stool softeners, bulk-forming agents
293
stimulants, hyperosmotics, stool softeners, bulk-forming agents
types of laxatives
294
hypnotics
drugs that dull the senses or induce sleep
295
drugs that dull the senses or induce sleep
hypnotics
296
muscle relaxants
drugs that depress muscle stimulation by the nervous system
297
drugs that depress muscle stimulation by the nervous system
muscle relaxants
298
proton-pump inhibitors
drugs that inhibit secretion of stomach acid by blocking the transport of H+ into the stomach
299
drugs that inhibit secretion of stomach acid by blocking the transport of H+ into the stomach
proton-pump inhibitors
300
psychotropics
drugs that affect mental activity, mental state or behaviour
301
drugs that affect mental activity, mental state or behaviour
psychotropics
302
three types of psychotropic drugs
antianxiety agents, antidepressants, antipsychotics
303
antianxiety agents, antidepressants, antipsychotics
types of psychotropic drugs
304
five types of cardiac drugs
antiarrhythmics, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium-channel blockers, hypolipidemics, nitrates
305
antiarrhythmics, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium-channel blockers, hypolipidemics, nitrates
types of cardiac drugs
306
three types of gastrointestinal drugs
antidiarrheals, laxatives, histamine H2 antagonists
307
antidiarrheals, laxatives, histamine H2 antagonists
types of gastrointestinal drugs
308
three types of antiinfective agents
antibiotics, antifungals, antiparasitics
309
antibiotics, antifungals, antiparasitics
types of antiinfective agents
310
How do narcotics alleviate pain?
decrease pain sensation from within CNS
311
drugs that decrease pain sensation from within CNS
narcotics
312
How do nonnarcotics alleviate pain?
inhibit prostaglandins in the PNS, and may have antiinflammatory or antipyretic effects also
313
drugs that inhibit prostaglandins in the PNS, and may have antiinflammatory or antipyretic effects also
nonnarcotics
314
What are two types of analgesics?
narcotics & nonnarcotics
315
narcotics & nonnarcotics
types of analgesics
316
Abbrev for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
NSAIDs
317
NSAIDs
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
318
beta-blockers, aka
beta-adrenergic blockers
319
How do antianxiety agents affect mental acitivity?
reduce or dispel anxiety, tranquilize
320
drugs that reduce or dispel anxiety, tranquilize
anxiolytics, antianxiety agents
321
anxiolytics, aka
antianxiety agents
322
antianxiety agents, aka
anxiolytics
323
How do antidepressents affect mental activity?
relieve depression by altering neurotransmitter levels in the brain
324
drugs that relieve depression by altering neurotransmitter levels in the brain
antidepressants
325
How do antipsychotics affect the mental activity?
act on CNS to relieve symptoms of psychoses
326
drugs that act on CNS to relieve symptoms of psychoses
antipsychotics
327
three types of respiratory drugs
antitussives, bronchodilators & expectorants
328
antitussives, bronchodilators & expectorants
types of respiratory drugs
329
How do antitussives act on the respiratory system?
suppress coughing
330
drugs that suppress coughing
antitussives
331
How do expectorants act on the respiratory system?
loosen mucus and promote coughing to eliminate it
332
drugs that loosen mucus and promote coughing to eliminate it
expectorants
333
How do bronchodilators act on the respiratory system?
relax smooth muscle of the bronchi to prevent or eliminate spasms
334
drugs that relax smooth muscle of the bronchi to prevent or eliminate spasms
bronchodilators
335
sedatives
drugs that induce relaxation in lower doses, and sleep in higher doses
336
drugs that induce relaxation in lower doses, and sleep in higher doses
sedatives
337
catheter
thin tube that can be passed into a body cavity organ or vessel
338
thin tube that can be passed into a body cavity organ or vessel
catheter
339
syringe
instrument for injecting fluid
340
instrument for injecting fluid
syringe
341
vial
small glass or plastic container
342
small glass or plastic container
vial
