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Medical Terminology A > Disease > Flashcards

Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

infectious disease

A

caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms

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2
Q

degenerative disease

A

caused by wear & tear, aging, or trauma

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3
Q

neoplasia

A

abnormal and uncontrolled tissue growth

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4
Q

immune disorders

A

failures of the immune system, allergies, and autoimmune diseases

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5
Q

metabolic disorders

A

anything that upsets metabolic processes including: malnutrition, lack of enzymes or other factors, many other hereditary diseases

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6
Q

hormonal disorders

A

under- or overproduction of hormones, ill-functioning hormones

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7
Q

mental & emotional disorders

A

affect the mind and adaptation of individual to its environment

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8
Q

Disease caused by wear & tear, aging, or trauma

A

degenerative disease

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9
Q

Disease causing abnormal and uncontrolled tissue growth

A

neoplasia

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10
Q

Disease causing failures of the immune system, allergies, and autoimmune diseases

A

immune disorders

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11
Q

Disease including anything that upsets metabolic processes including (e.g. malnutrition, lack of enzymes or other factors, etc, many other hereditary diseases)

A

metabolic disorders

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12
Q

Disease causing under- or overproduction of hormones, ill-functioning hormones

A

hormonal disorders

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13
Q

Disease affecting the mind and adaptation of individual to its environment

A

mental or emotional disorders

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14
Q

bacteria

A

simple microscopic organisms

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15
Q

cocci

A

round bacteria

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16
Q

staphylococci

A

round bacteria found in clusters

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17
Q

streptococci

A

round bacteria found in chains

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18
Q

simple microscopic organisms

A

bacteria

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19
Q

round bacteria

A

cocci

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20
Q

round bacteria found in clusters

A

staphylococci

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21
Q

round bacteria found in chains

A

streptococci

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22
Q

bacilli

A

rod-shaped bacteria

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23
Q

vibrios

A

short curved rod-shaped bacteria

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24
Q

spirochetes

A

corkscrew shaped bacteria

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25
Q

chlamydiae

A

extremely small bacteria that replicate within living cells

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26
Q

rod-shaped bateria

A

bacilli

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27
Q

short curved rod-shaped bacteria

A

vibrios

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28
Q

corkscrew shaped bacteria

A

spirochetes

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29
Q

extremely small bacteria that replicate within living cells

A

chlamydia

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30
Q

rikettsia

A

extremely small bacteria that live & replicate within living cells

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31
Q

viruses

A

submicroscopic organisms that live & replicate within living cells

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32
Q

fungi

A

simple non-green plants, including yeasts & molds

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33
Q

protozoa

A

single-celled animals

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34
Q

helminths

A

worms

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35
Q

extremely small bacteria that live & replicate within living cells

A

rikettsia

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36
Q

simple non-green plants, including yeasts & molds

A

fungi

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37
Q

submicroscopic organisms that live & replicate within living cells

A

viruses

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38
Q

single-celled animals

A

protozoa

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39
Q

infectious worms

A

helminths

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40
Q

Name two types of bacteria that are smaller than other bacteria and can only replicate within a living host cell.

A

chlamydiae & rikettsia

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41
Q

What is unique about chlamydiae and rikettsia bacteria?

A

smaller than other bacteria and can only replicate within a living host cell

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42
Q

acute

A

sudden onset, severe symptoms, short duration

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43
Q

benign

A

neoplasm that does not spread to other tissues

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44
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial tissue

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45
Q

chronic

A

gradual onset, slow progression, long duration or recurrent

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46
Q

cyst

A

abnormal fluid-filled sac

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47
Q

edema

A

high fluid accumulation in tissue

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48
Q

etiology

A

study of the cause/origin of disease

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49
Q

Gram stain

A

lab stain that classifies bacteria as negative or positive dependant on their staining appearance

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50
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening

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51
Q

inflammation

A

characterized by heat, pain, redness and swelling

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52
Q

lesion

A

wounded tissue

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53
Q

malignant

A

neoplasm that spreads to other tissues

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54
Q

metastisize

A

to spread from one tissue to another

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55
Q

necrosis

A

tissue death

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56
Q

neoplasm

A

tumor or abnormal and uncontrolled growth

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57
Q

phagocytosis

A

cell ingestion of unwelcome material or organism

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58
Q

prolapse

A

abnormal dropping or downward displacement of a tissue

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59
Q

pus

A

mixture of fluid, tissue debris and white blood cells produced during inflammation

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60
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant neoplasm within connective tissue

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61
Q

sepsis

A

presence of pathogens or their toxins within the blood or other tissues

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62
Q

toxin

A

poisonous waste product of a pathogen

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63
Q

trauma

A

physical or psychological wound or injury

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64
Q

sudden onset, severe symptoms, short duration

A

acute

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65
Q

neoplasm that does not spread to other tissues

A

benign

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66
Q

malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial tissue

A

carcinoma

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67
Q

gradual onset, slow progression, long duration or recurrent

A

chronic

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68
Q

abnormal fluid-filled sac

A

cyst

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69
Q

high fluid accumulation in tissue

A

edema

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70
Q

study of the cause/origin of disease

A

etiology

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71
Q

lab stain that classifies bacteria as negative or positive dependant on their staining appearance

A

Gram stain

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72
Q

protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening

A

hernia

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73
Q

characterized by heat, pain, redness and swelling

A

inflammation

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74
Q

localized wound or injury

A

lesion

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75
Q

neoplasm that spreads to other tissues

A

malignant

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76
Q

to spread from one tissue to another

A

metastisize

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77
Q

tissue death

A

necrosis

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78
Q

tumor or abnormal and uncontrolled growth

A

neoplasm

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79
Q

cell ingestion of unwelcome material or organism

A

phagocytosis

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80
Q

abnormal dropping or downward displacement of a tissue

A

prolapse

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81
Q

mixture of fluid, tissue debris and white blood cells produced during inflammation

A

pus

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82
Q

malignant neoplasm within connective tissue

A

sarcoma

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83
Q

presence of pathogens or their toxins within the blood or other tissues

A

sepsis

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84
Q

poisonous waste product of a pathogen

A

toxin

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85
Q

physical or psychological wound or injury

A

trauma

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86
Q

alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o

A

pain

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87
Q

carcin/o

A

carcinoma

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88
Q

cyst/o, cyst/i

A

cyst, bladder, fluid-filled sac

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89
Q

lith

A

calculus, stone

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90
Q

onc/o

A

tumor, neoplasm

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91
Q

path/o

A

disease

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92
Q

py/o

A

pus

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93
Q

pyr/o, pyret/o

A

fever, fire

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94
Q

scler/o

A

hard

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95
Q

tox/o, toxic/o

A

poison

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96
Q

brady-

A

slow

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97
Q

dys-

A

abnormal, difficult, painful

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98
Q

mal-

A

poor

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99
Q

pachy-

A

thick

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100
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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101
Q

xero-

A

dry

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102
Q

-algia, -algesia

A

pain

103
Q

-cele

A

hernia, localized dilation

104
Q

-clasis, -clasia

A

breaking

105
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

106
Q

-odynia

A

pain

107
Q

-oma

A

tumor, neoplasm

108
Q

-pathy

A

any disease of

109
Q

-rhage, -rhagia

A

hemorrhage, bursting forth, profuse flow

110
Q

-rhea

A

discharge, flow

111
Q

-rhexis

A

rupture

112
Q

-schisis

A

splitting, fissure

113
Q

dilation

A

widening, expansion

114
Q

ectasia, ectasis

A

widening, expansion

115
Q

dilatation

A

widening, expansion

116
Q

distension

A

widening, expansion, swelling

117
Q

lysis

A

separation, destruction, dissolving, loosening

118
Q

malacia

A

softening

119
Q

ptosis

A

downward displacement, dropping, prolapse

120
Q

sclerosis

A

hardening

121
Q

spasm

A

sudden contraction, cramp

122
Q

stasis

A

stoppage, suppression

123
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing, constriction

124
Q

staphyl/o

A

grapelike cluster

125
Q

strept/o

A

twisted chain

126
Q

bacill/o, bacill/i

A

bacillus bacteria

127
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

128
Q

myc/o

A

fungus, mold

129
Q

vir/o

A

virus

130
Q

acid-fast stain

A

lab staining procedure to identify tuberculosis

131
Q

communicable

A

capacity to pass disease from one person to another

132
Q

endemic

A

perpetually prevalent within a given population

133
Q

epidemic

A

rapid widespread outbreak of disease within a given population

134
Q

exacerbation

A

worsening in severity

135
Q

iatrogenic

A

originating from the effects of the treatment

136
Q

idiopathic

A

having no known cause

137
Q

in situ

A

localized, noninvasive

138
Q

normal flora

A

microorganisms that normally live harmlessly on or in the body

139
Q

nosocomial

A

disease acquired while hospitalized

140
Q

nos/o

A

disease

141
Q

opportunistic

A

disease occurring because of a host’s poor or altered condition

142
Q

pandemic

A

prevalent across a widespread population or globally

143
Q

remission

A

lessening in severity

144
Q

septicemia

A

pathogens or their toxins within the blood

145
Q

systemic

A

throughout the whole body

146
Q

abscess

A

locallized collection of pus

147
Q

adhesion

A

unity of two surfaces that would normally be separate

148
Q

anaplasia

A

lack of normal differentiation

149
Q

ascites

A

high accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

150
Q

cellutitis

A

tissue inflammation

151
Q

effusion

A

escape of fluid into a cavity

152
Q

exudate

A

escaped blood due to a tissue injury

153
Q

fissure

A

split or groove

154
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage from one organ to another or to the body’s surface

155
Q

gangrene

A

tissue death caused by lack of blood due to pathogen or decomposition

156
Q

hyperplasia

A

excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement

157
Q

hypertrophy

A

increased size of organ, without increased number of cells

158
Q

induration

A

hardening, abnormally hard spot

159
Q

metaplasia

A

cells converting to a form that is abnormal for a particular tissue

160
Q

polyp

A

tumor attached by a thin stalk

161
Q

purulent

A

forming or containing pus

162
Q

supperation

A

formation of pus

163
Q

CA

A

cancer

164
Q

CIS

A

carcinoma in situ

165
Q

FUO

A

fever of unknown origin

166
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

167
Q

VRSA

A

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

168
Q

Root Word: pain

A

alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o

169
Q

Root Word: carcinoma, cancer

A

carcin/o

170
Q

cancer, aka

A

carcinoma, aka

171
Q

Root Word: calculus, stone

A

lith

172
Q

Root Word: tumor, neoplasm

A

onc/o

173
Q

Root Word: disease

A

path/o, nos/o

174
Q

Root Word: pus

A

py/o

175
Q

Root Word: fever, fire

A

pyr/o, pyret/o

176
Q

Root Word: hard

A

scler/o

177
Q

Root Word: poison

A

tox/o, toxic/o

178
Q

Prefix: slow

A

brady-

179
Q

Prefix: abnormal, difficult, painful

A

dys-

180
Q

Prefix: poor

A

mal-

181
Q

Prefix: thick

A

pachy-

182
Q

Prefix: rapid

A

tachy-

183
Q

Prefix: dry

A

xero-

184
Q

Suffix: pain

A

-algia, -algesia, -odynia

185
Q

Suffix: hernia, localized dilation

A

-cele

186
Q

Suffix: breaking

A

-clasis, -clasia

187
Q

Suffix: enlargement

A

-megaly

188
Q

Suffix: tumor, neoplasm

A

-oma

189
Q

Suffix: any disease of

A

-pathy

190
Q

Suffix: hemorrhage, bursting forth, profuse flow

A

-rhage, -rhagia

191
Q

Suffix: discharge, flow

A

-rhea

192
Q

Suffix: rupture

A

-rhexis

193
Q

Suffix: splitting, fissure

A

-schisis

194
Q

widening, expansion

A

dilation, ectasia, ectasis, dilatation

195
Q

widening, expansion, swelling

A

distension

196
Q

separation, destruction, dissolving, loosening

A

lysis

197
Q

softening

A

malacia

198
Q

downward displacement, dropping, prolapse

A

ptosis

199
Q

hardening

A

sclerosis

200
Q

sudden contraction, cramp

A

spasm

201
Q

stoppage, suppression

A

stasis

202
Q

narrowing, constriction

A

stenosis

203
Q

grapelike cluster

A

staphyl/o

204
Q

twisted chain

A

strept/o

205
Q

bacillus bacteria

A

bacill/o, bacill/i

206
Q

bacteria

A

bacteri/o

207
Q

fungus, mold

A

myc/o

208
Q

virus

A

vir/o

209
Q

lab staining procedure to identify tuberculosis

A

acid-fast stain

210
Q

capacity to pass disease from one person to another

A

communicable

211
Q

Disease which is perpetually prevalent within a given population

A

endemic

212
Q

Disease which is a rapid widespread outbreak within a given population

A

epidemic

213
Q

worsening in severity

A

exacerbation

214
Q

originating from the effects of the treatment

A

iatrogenic

215
Q

having no known cause

A

idiopathic

216
Q

localized, noninvasive

A

in situ

217
Q

microorganisms that normally live harmlessly on or in the body

A

normal flora

218
Q

disease acquired while hospitalized

A

nosocomial

219
Q

disease occurring because of a host’s poor or altered condition

A

opportunistic

220
Q

Disease which is prevalent across a widespread population or globally

A

pandemic

221
Q

lessening in severity

A

remission

222
Q

disease condition of pathogens or their toxins within the blood

A

septicemia

223
Q

throughout the whole body

A

systemic

224
Q

locallized collection of pus

A

abscess

225
Q

unity of two surfaces that would normally be separate

A

adhesion

226
Q

lack of normal differentiation

A

anaplasia

227
Q

high accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

228
Q

spreading of inflammation within a tissue

A

cellutitis

229
Q

escape of fluid into a cavity

A

effusion

230
Q

escaped blood due to a tissue injury

A

exudate

231
Q

split or groove

A

fissure

232
Q

abnormal passage from one organ to another or to the body’s surface

A

fistula

233
Q

necrosis caused by lack of blood due to pathogen or decomposition

A

gangrene

234
Q

excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement

A

hyperplasia

235
Q

increased size of organ, without increased number of cells

A

hypertrophy

236
Q

hardening, abnormally hard spot

A

induration

237
Q

cells converting to a form that is abnormal for a particular tissue

A

metaplasia

238
Q

tumor attached by a thin stalk

A

polyp

239
Q

forming or containing pus

A

purulent

240
Q

formation of pus

A

supperation

241
Q

Abbrev: cancer

A

CA

242
Q

Abbrev: carcinoma in situ

A

CIS

243
Q

Abbrev: fever of unknown origin

A

FUO

244
Q

Abbrev: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A

MRSA

245
Q

Abbrev: Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A

VRSA

246
Q

Root Word: bladder

A

cyst/o, cyst/i

247
Q

iatr/o

A

physician

248
Q

Root Word: physician

A

iatr/o

249
Q

softening of bone

A

osteomalacia

250
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bone

251
Q

breaking of bone

A

osteoclasis

252
Q

osteoclasis

A

breaking of bone

253
Q

tumor of bone

A

osteoma

Medical Terminology A (7 decks)

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