Circulation Systems Flashcards
aortic valve
valve at the entrance to the aorta from the heart
apex of the heart
inferior, left pointing tip of the heart formed by the left ventricle
smaller vessel that carries blood from the arteries to the capillaries
arteriole
atrioventricular node
located in lower septum of right atrium, passes impulses from the more superior SA node toward the ventricles
atrioventricular bundle
band of fibres that transmits impulses from the AV node to the top of the interventricular septum where it bifurcates into R & L bundle branches
atrioventricular valve
valve between an atrium and its ipsilateral ventricle counterpart
two AV valves
mitral & tricuspid valves
mitral valve
right AV valve
mitral valve, aka
bicuspid valve, aka
tricuspid valve
left AV valve
valve
flap that keeps fluid flowing in a forward motion
atrium
superior chambers of the heart which accept incoming blood and push it into the respective ventricles
ventricles
inferior chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart
blood pressure
force exerted by blood against vessel walls
depolarization
change in electrical charge in nerves or muscles from their resting state, respective cardiac muscles contract
diastole
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
systole
contraction phase of the heartbeat
electrocardiography
electrodes placed on the body surface monitor electrical activity of the heart
tissue layers and membranes of the heart, from deepest to most superficial
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, visceral pericardium
endocardium
thin membrane which lines heart chambers and valves
myocardium
thick muscular inner layer of the heart’s walls
epicardium
thin outerlayer of the heart’s walls
visceral pericardium
serous membrane covering the outermost surface of the heart
heart murmur
abnormal sound made by the heart
functional heart murmur
normal sound made by the heart
heart rate
number of times the heart contracts per minute, measured in beats per minute
pulmonary artery
carries deoxygenated blood from the right vetricle to the lungs
pulmonary vein
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
circuit involving the right side of the heart
pulmonary circuit
delivery of deoxygenated blood to the lungs
function of the pulmonary circuit
circuit involving the left side of the heart
systemic circuit
delivery of oxygenated blood to the body
function of the systemic circuit
pulse
frequency of waves of increased pressure within vessels due to ventricular contractions
Purkinje fibres
terminal conducting fibres which transmit impulses to the ventricular tissues
repolarization
return of electrical charge in nerves or muscles to their resting state, respective cardiac muscles relax
septum
wall dividing two cavities or chambers
sinus rhythm, aka
sinovial rhythm, aka
sinovial rhythm
normal rhythm of the heart
sinus rhythm
normal rhythm of the heart
venule
smaller vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins
vessel
a tube or duct that transport fluid
cardi/o
Root: heart
atri/o
Root: atrium
ventricul/o
Root: cavity, ventricle
valv/o, valvul/o
Root: valve
angi/o
Root: vessel
vas/o
Root: vessel, duct
vascul/o
Root: vessel, duct
stenosis
Root: narrowing
ven/o/i
Root: vein
pleb/o
Root: vein
aneurysm
weakening of a vessel wall, resulting in a localized abnormally dilated vessel which may burst
angina pectoris
feeling of constriction around heart or pain that radiates to left arm or shoulder, caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart
arrhythmia
abnormal heart rate or rhythm
disrhythmia
abnormal heart rate or rhythm
arrythmia, aka
disrhythmia, aka
spell the term for abnormal heart rate or rhythm
A-R-R-H-Y-T-H-M-I-A
sclerosis
Root: hardening
arteriosclerosis
general term for hardeing of arterial walls resulting in lower volume capacity and loss of wall elasticity
atherosclerosis
development of plaque along lining of arterial lumen, most common form of arteriosclerosis
bradycardia
abnormally slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm
cerebrovascular accident
sudden brain damage resulting from lack of blood flow
stroke, aka
cerebrovascular accident, aka
coarctation of the aorta
localized narrowing of the aorta (bottleneck) which restricts blood flow
thrombophlebitis
venous inflammation causing the formation of a blood clot
thrombosis
development of a blood clot which blocks blood flow and results in tissue death (form of embolism)
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heart rate, more than 100 bpm
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
dyspnea
difficult or laboured breathing
spell the term for difficulty breathing
D-Y-S-P-N-E-A
dissecting aneurysm
weakening of a vessel wall, wherein it partially bursts and the layers of the vessel wall separate as blood squeezes in between
dyslipidemia
abnormal levels of lipids in the blood
embolism
obstruction of a blood vessel resulting in tissue death (e.g. thrombosis)
thrombus
blood clot
embolus
mass which blocks bloodflow within a vessel
fibrillation
rapid, arrythmic and ineffective beating of the heart
defibrillation
restoring normal heart rhythm via electrical shock
heart failure
general term for ineffective emptying of the heart resulting in inadequate delivery of blood to the tissues
heart block
general term for an interruption in the electrical conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia
hemorrhoid
varicose vein in the rectum
hypertension
higher than normal blood pressure
infarct
localized necrosis of tissue
ischemia
localized blood supply deficiency due to vessel obstruction
myocardial infarction
localized necrosis of cardiac tissue caused by obstruction of coronary artery
occlusion
obstruction or closing off of a vessel
myocardial infarction, aka
heart attack
heart attack
localized necrosis of cardiac tissue caused by obstruction of coronary artery
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
plaque
a deposit of hardening fatty material along the inside of a vessel wall
rheumatic heart disease
autoimmune disease where antibodies created to fight a strep infection damage and scar the heart valves also
shock
severe disturbance in the circulatory system resulting in inadequate blood delivery to the tissues
syncope
temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate flow of blood to the brain
syncope, aka
fainting, aka
varicose vein
twisted, swollen vein with damaged walls and valves resulting in a pooling of blood and predisposition to clot formation due to inflammation
angioplasty
surgical reopening of a narrowed vessel (e.g. removal of plaque or implanting a stent)
cardioversion
restoring normal heart rhythm via electrical shock or chemical means
coronary angiography
use of radiography to assess coronary arteries by introducing a dye via catheter
enzyme released into the blood in excess after an MI/heart attack
creatine kinase MB
echocardiography
use of ultrasound to assess cardiac structures
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
dilation of a vessel full of plaque by inflating a balloon within it to flatten the plaque against its walls
stent
mesh tube placed in an artery to keep it open
stress test
ECG monitoring during physical exercise
valve at the entrance to the aorta from the heart
aortic valve
inferior, left pointing tip of the heart formed by the left ventricle
apex of the heart
located in lower septum of right atrium, passes impulses from the more superior SA node toward the ventricles
AV node
band of fibres that transmits impulses from the AV node to the top of the interventricular septum where it bifurcates into R & L bundle branches
AV bundle
valve between an atrium and its ipsilateral ventricle counterpart
AV valve
mitral & tricuspid valves
two AV valves
right AV valve, aka
mitral valve
bicuspid valve, aka
mitral valve, aka
left AV valve, aka
tricuspid valve
flap that keeps fluid flowing in a forward motion
valve
superior chambers of the heart which accept incoming blood and push it into the respective ventricles
atrium
inferior chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart
ventricles
force exerted by blood against vessel walls
blood pressure
change in electrical charge in nerves or muscles from their resting state, respective cardiac muscles contract
depolarization
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
diastole
contraction phase of the heartbeat
systole
electrodes placed on the body surface monitor electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiography
thin membrane which lines heart chambers and valves
endocardium
thick muscular inner layer of the heart’s walls
myocardium
thin outerlayer of the heart’s walls
epicardium
serous membrane covering the outermost surface of the heart
visceral pericardium
abnormal sound made by the heart
heart murmur
normal sound made by the heart
functional heart murmur
number of times the heart contracts per minute, measured in beats per minute
heart rate
carries deoxygenated blood from the right vetricle to the lungs
pulmonary artery
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
pulmonary vein
pulmonary circuit
circuit involving the right side of the heart
function of the pulmonary circuit
delivery of deoxygenated blood to the lungs
systemic circuit
circuit involving the left side of the heart
function of the systemic circuit
delivery of oxygenated blood to the body
frequency of waves of increased pressure within vessels due to ventricular contractions
pulse
terminal conducting fibres which transmit impulses to the ventricular tissues
Purkinje fibres
return of electrical charge in nerves or muscles to their resting state, respective cardiac muscles relax
repolarization
wall dividing two cavities or chambers
septum
sinovial rhythm, aka
sinus rhythm, aka
normal rhythm of the heart
sinovial/sinus rhythm
a tube or duct that transports fluid
vessel
Root: heart
cardi/o
Root: atrium
atri/o
Root: cavity, ventricle
ventricul/o
Root: valve
valv/o, valvul/o
Root: vessel
angi/o
Root: vessel, duct
vas/o, vascul/o
Root: artery
arter/o, ateri/o
Root: arteriole
arteriol/o
Root: narrowing
stenosis
Root: vein
ven/o/i, phleb/o
weakening of a vessel wall, resulting in a localized abnormally dilated vessel which may burst
aneurysm
feeling of constriction around heart or pain that radiates to left arm or shoulder, caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart
angina pectoris
abnormal heart rate or rhythm
arrhythmia, disrhythmia
disrhythmia, aka
arrythmia, aka
Root: hardening
sclerosis
general term for hardeing of arterial walls resulting in lower volume capacity and loss of wall elasticity
arteriosclerosis
development of plaque along lining of arterial lumen, most common form of arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis
abnormally slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm
bradycardia
sudden brain damage resulting from lack of blood flow
cerebrovascular accident
cerebrovascular accident, aka
stroke, aka
localized narrowing of the aorta (bottleneck) which restricts blood flow
coarctation of the aorta
venous inflammation causing the formation of a blood clot
thrombophlebitis
development of a blood clot which blocks blood flow and results in tissue death (form of embolism)
thrombosis
abnormally rapid heart rate, more than 100 bpm
tachycardia
profuse sweating
diaphoresis
difficult or laboured breathing
dyspnea
abnormal levels of lipids in the blood
dyslipidemia
