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Medical Terminology A > Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Basic Concepts Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Combining vowel

A

A vowel added, usually an “o”, between a root and a suffix which begins with a consonant, to aid in pronunciation

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1
Q

Combining Form

A

A root word with a combining vowel

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2
Q

What happens to a root word that ends in a consonant followed by an “x” once a suffix is added, as in pharynx?

A

The “x” at the end if the root word changes to a “g”, as in “pharyngeal”

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3
Q

What happens to a root word that ends in a vowel followed by an “x” once a suffix is added, as in cervix?

A

The “x” at the end of the root word changes to a “c”, as in cervical

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4
Q

What type of word does a Suffix modify?

A

An noun or adjective

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5
Q

What can modify a singular term to become plural?

A

A Suffix

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6
Q

-ia, -ism, -sis, -y

A

Condition of-

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7
Q

-iatrics, -iatry, ics

A

Medical specialty-

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8
Q

-logy

A

Study of-

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9
Q

-ian, -ist

A

Specialist physician of-

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10
Q

-ac, -al , -ar, -ary, -ous

A

pertaining to-

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11
Q

-ic, -ical, -ile, -oid, -ory

A

pertaining to-

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12
Q

-form

A

resembling- or like-

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13
Q

What is the plural form of suffix “-a”?

A

-ae

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14
Q

What is the plural form of suffix “-en”?

A

-ina

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15
Q

What is the plural form of suffix “-ex, -ix, or -yx”?

A

-ices

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16
Q

What is the plural form of suffix “-is”?

A

-es

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17
Q

What is the plural form of suffix “-ma”?

A

-mata

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18
Q

What is the plural form of suffix “-nx, -anx, -inx, or -ynx”?

A

-nges

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19
Q

What is the plural form of suffix “-on”?

A

-a

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20
Q

What is the plural form of suffix “um”?

A

-a

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21
Q

What is the plural form of suffix “us”?

A

-i

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22
Q

What is the suffix in psychiatry?

A

-iatry

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23
Q

What is the plural form of larynx?

A

larynges

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24
Q

What is the singular form for foci?

A

focus

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25
Q

What is the singular form of lumina?

A

lumen

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26
Q

What is the suffix in geriatrics?

A

-iatrics

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27
Q

What is the plural form of meninx?

A

meninges

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28
Q

a-, an-

A

lacking, without, not, absence

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29
Q

contra-

A

opposite, against

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30
Q

de-

A

removal, loss, without, down

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31
Q

dis-

A

separation, removal, absence

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32
Q

in-, im-, non-, un-

A

not

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33
Q

ab-

A

away from

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34
Q

ad-

A

toward, near

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35
Q

dia-, per-, trans-

A

through

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36
Q

hyper-

A

excess, abnormally high, increased, over

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37
Q

hypo-

A

below, abnormally low, decreased, under

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38
Q

olig/o-

A

few, scanty

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39
Q

pan-

A

all

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40
Q

super-

A

excess, above

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41
Q

cyan/o-

A

blue

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42
Q

erythr/o-

A

red

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43
Q

leuk/o-

A

white, colourless

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44
Q

melan/o-

A

black, dark

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45
Q

xanth/o-

A

yellow

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46
Q

equi-, iso-

A

equal, same

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47
Q

eu-

A

easy, normal, good

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48
Q

macro-, mega-, megalo-

A

large, abnormally large

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49
Q

neo-

A

new

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50
Q

ortho-

A

straight, correct, upright

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51
Q

poikilo-

A

varied, irregular

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52
Q

re-

A

again, repeat, backwards

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53
Q

ante-, pre-, pro-

A

preceding, before, in front of

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54
Q

post-

A

after, behind

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55
Q

ec-, ecto-

A

out/off, outside

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56
Q

ex/o-

A

outside, away from

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57
Q

end/o-

A

in, within

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58
Q

mes/o-

A

middle

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59
Q

syn-, sym-

A

together

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60
Q

tel/e/o-

A

end, last

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61
Q

morph/o

A

form, shape

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62
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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63
Q

hist/o, histi/o

A

tissue

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64
Q

fibr/o

A

fibre

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65
Q

reticul/o

A

network

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66
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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67
Q

papill/o

A

nipple

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68
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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69
Q

muc/o

A

mucus, mucous membrane

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70
Q

somato/o, -some

A

body, small body

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71
Q

blast/o, -blast

A

immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell

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72
Q

gen

A

origin, formation

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73
Q

phag/o

A

eat, ingest

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74
Q

phil

A

attract, absorb

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75
Q

plas

A

formation, moulding, development

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76
Q

trop

A

act on, affect

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77
Q

troph/o

A

feeding, growth, nourishment

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78
Q

gluc/o

A

glucose

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79
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar, glucose

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80
Q

saccar/o

A

sugar

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81
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

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82
Q

steat/o

A

fatty

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83
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate, energy compound of the cell, stores energy for cellular activity

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84
Q

carbohydrates

A

category of organic compound which includes sugars and starches

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85
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike body in cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information

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86
Q

the study of cells

A

cytology

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87
Q

a threadlike body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information

A

chromosome

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88
Q

cytoplasm

A

fluid that fills cell and hold organelles

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89
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid, cellular compound that makes up the genes

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90
Q

enzyme

A

a protein that speeds up the rate of metabolic reactions

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91
Q

gene

A

hereditary unit composed of DNA and combines with other genes to form chromosomes

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92
Q

the fluid that fills cells and hold organelles?

A

cytoplasm

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93
Q

a hereditary unit composed of DNA, which combines with other genes to form chromosomes

A

gene

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94
Q

glucose

A

a simple sugar that provides the main energy source for metabolism

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95
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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96
Q

the study of tissues

A

histology

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97
Q

homeostasis

A

condition of internal stability and constancy

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98
Q

lipid

A

category of organic compounds which includes fats and steroids

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99
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical reactions within the body

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100
Q

the sum of all physical and chemical reactions within the body

A

metabolism

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101
Q

the category of organic compounds which includes fats and steroids

A

lipid

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102
Q

a simple sugar that provides the main energy source for metabolism

A

glucose

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103
Q

mitosis

A

cell division

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104
Q

What is the term for cell division?

A

mitosis

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105
Q

mucus

A

thick fluid secretion from membranes and glands which lubricates and protects tissues

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106
Q

What is the adjective form of mucus?

A

mucous

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107
Q

A thick fluid secretion from membranes and glands which lubricates and protects tissues

A

mucus

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108
Q

A root word with a combining vowel

A

Combining Form

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109
Q

A vowel added between a root and a suffix beginning with a consonant, which aids in pronunciation

A

Combing vowel

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110
Q

A word that contains more than one root

A

Compound word

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111
Q

Suffix: condition of

A

-ia, -ism, -sis, -y

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112
Q

Suffix: medical specialty

A

-iatrics, -iatry, ics

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113
Q

Suffix: study of

A

-logy

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114
Q

Suffix: specialist physician of

A

-ian, -ist

115
Q

Suffix: pertaining to

A

-ac, -al , -ar, -ary, -ous

116
Q

Suffix: pertaining to

A

-ic, -ical, -ile, -oid, -ory

117
Q

Suffix: resembling or like

A

-form

118
Q

What is the singular form of suffix “-ae?”

A

-a

119
Q

What is the singular form of suffix “-ina?”

A

-en

120
Q

What is the singular form of suffix “-ices?”

A

-ex, -ix, or -yx

121
Q

What is the singular form of suffix “-es?”

A

-is

122
Q

What is the singular form of suffix “-mata?”

A

-ma

123
Q

What is the singular form of suffix “-nges?”

A

-nx, -anx, -inx, or -ynx

124
Q

What is the singular form of suffix “-a?”

A

-on

125
Q

What is the singular form of suffix “-a?”

A

-um

126
Q

What is the singular form of suffix “-i?”

A

-us

127
Q

What is the plural form of focus?

A

foci

128
Q

What is the plural form of lumen?

A

lumina

129
Q

What is the singular form of meninges?

A

meninx

130
Q

Prefix: lacking, without, not, absence

A

a-, an-

131
Q

Prefix: against

A

anti-

132
Q

Prefix: opposite, against

A

contra-

133
Q

Prefix: removal, loss, without, down

A

de-

134
Q

Prefix: separation, removal, absence

A

dis-

135
Q

Prefix: not

A

in-, im-, non-, un-

136
Q

Prefix: away from

A

ab-

137
Q

Prefix: toward, near

A

ad-

138
Q

Prefix: through

A

dia-, per-, trans-

139
Q

Prefix: few, scanty

A

olig/o-

140
Q

Prefix: all

A

pan-

141
Q

Prefix: excess, above

A

super-

142
Q

Prefix: blue

A

cyan/o-

143
Q

Prefix: red

A

erythr/o-

144
Q

Prefix: white, colourless

A

leuk/o-

145
Q

Prefix: black, dark

A

melan/o-

146
Q

Prefix: yellow

A

xanth/o-

147
Q

Prefix: equal, same

A

equi-, iso-

148
Q

Prefix: easy, normal, good

A

eu-

149
Q

Prefix: different, unequal, other

A

hetero-

150
Q

Prefix: same, stable, unchanging

A

homo-, homeo-

151
Q

Prefix: large, abnormally large

A

macro-, mega-, megalo-

152
Q

Prefix: small

A

micro-

153
Q

Prefix: new

A

neo-

154
Q

Prefix: normal

A

normo-

155
Q

Prefix: straight, correct, upright

A

ortho-

156
Q

Prefix: varied, irregular

A

poikilo-

157
Q

Prefix: fake, false

A

pseudo-

158
Q

Prefix: again, repeat, backwards

A

re-

159
Q

Prefix: preceding, before, in front of

A

ante-, pre-, pro-

160
Q

Prefix: after, behind

A

post-

161
Q

Prefix: right hand side

A

dextr/o-

162
Q

Prefix: left hand side

A

sinistr/o-

163
Q

Prefix: out/off, outside

A

ec-, ecto-

164
Q

Prefix: outside, away from

A

ex/o-

165
Q

Prefix: in, within

A

end/o-

166
Q

Prefix: middle

A

mes/o-

167
Q

Prefix: together

A

syn-, sym-

168
Q

Prefix: end, last

A

tel/e/o-

169
Q

Prefix: form, shape

A

morph/o

170
Q

Suffix: cell

A

-cyte

171
Q

Root word: cell

A

cyt/o

172
Q

Root word: nucleus

A

nucle/o, kary/o

173
Q

Root word: tissue

A

hist/o, histi/o

174
Q

Root word: fibre

A

fibr/o

175
Q

Root word: network

A

reticul/o

176
Q

Root word: gland

A

aden/o

177
Q

Root word: nipple

A

papill/o

178
Q

Root word: mucus, mucous membrane

A

myx/o, muc/o

179
Q

Root word: body, small body

A

somato/o

180
Q

Suffix: body, small body

A

-some

181
Q

Root word: immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell

A

blast/o

182
Q

Suffix: immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell

A

-blast

183
Q

Root word: origin, formation

A

gen

184
Q

Root word: eat, ingest

A

phag/o

185
Q

Root word: attract, absorb

A

phil

186
Q

Root word: formation, moulding, development

A

plas

187
Q

Root word: act on, affect

A

trop

188
Q

Root word: feeding, growth, nourishment

A

troph/o

189
Q

Root word: glucose

A

gluc/o, glyc/o

190
Q

Root word: sugar

A

saccar/o, glyc/o

191
Q

Root word: starch

A

amyl/o

192
Q

Root word: lipid, fat

A

lip/o, adip/o

193
Q

Root word: fatty

A

steat/o

194
Q

Root word: protein

A

prote/o

195
Q

nucleus

A

an organelle that directs all cellular activities based on the chromosomes contained within

196
Q

organ

A

an group of tissues that has a specific purpose within a body system

197
Q

organelle

A

a specialized structure within a cell

198
Q

protein

A

category of organic compounds which includes structural materials, enzymes, and some hormones

199
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid, cellular compound which contains instructions for protein synthesis

200
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells which have a specific function

201
Q

a category of organic compounds which includes structural materials, enzymes, and some hormones

A

proteins

202
Q

cortex

A

the outer region of an organ

203
Q

the outer region of an organ

A

cortex

204
Q

glycogen

A

a complex sugar broken down to supply energy, composed of many glucose, stored in the liver and muscles

205
Q

medulla

A

marrow, or the inner region of an organ

206
Q

the outer region of an organ

A

medulla

207
Q

interstitial

A

between parts, such as between cells within a tissue

208
Q

parenchyma

A

the functional tissue of an organ?

209
Q

the functional tissue of an organ

A

parenchyma

210
Q

soma

A

reference to the body

211
Q

reference to the body

A

soma

212
Q

marrow

A

medulla

213
Q

stem cell

A

precursor cell which has the capacity to develop into any of a variety of different cell types

214
Q

precursor cell which has the capacity to develop into any of a variety of different cell types

A

stem cell

215
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the a membrane on the wall of a body cavity

216
Q

pertaining to a membrane on the wall of a body cavity

A

parietal

217
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the membrane on the wall of an organ

218
Q

pertaining to the membrane on the wall of an organ

A

visceral

219
Q

decubitous position

A

lying face down, with specific reference made to the side of the body resting on a flat surface

220
Q

dorsal recumbent position

A

lying face up, legs bent and separated, fleet flat on the bed

221
Q

lying face down, with specific reference made to the side of the body resting on a flat surface

A

decubitous position

222
Q

Fowler position

A

lying face up, knees elevated, head of bed raised 18 inches,
used for ease of breathing and drainage

223
Q

jackknife position

A

lying face up, shoulders elevated, buttocks and thighs at right angle to abdomen,
used to introduce tube into urethra

224
Q

knee-chest position

A

on knees, upper chest and head on table, arms crossed above head,
used to flush intestine for OB/GYN purposes

225
Q

lateral recumbent position

A

on side with one leg flexed

226
Q

lithotomy position

A

lying face up, legs raised to abdomen, thighs apart

227
Q

Sims position

A

on side, chest resting forward on bed, contralateral leg drawn up high and forward, ipsilateral arm along backside

228
Q

peritoneum

A

large serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

229
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

230
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

231
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall

232
Q

Root word: head

A

cephal/o

233
Q

Root word: neck

A

cervic/o

234
Q

Root word: chest

A

thorac/o

235
Q

Root word: abdomen

A

celi/o, abdomin/o

236
Q

Root word: abdominal wall

A

lapar/o

237
Q

Root word: peritoneum

A

periton/e/o

238
Q

acro

A

extremity, end

239
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

240
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger or toe

241
Q

ped/o

A

foot

242
Q

pod/o

A

foot

243
Q

Root word: extremity, end

A

acro

244
Q

Root word: arm

A

brachi/o

245
Q

Root word: finger or toe

A

dactyl/o

246
Q

Root word: foot

A

ped/o, pod/o

247
Q

circum-

A

around

248
Q

peri-

A

around

249
Q

epi-

A

on, over

250
Q

infra-

A

below

251
Q

sub-

A

below, under

252
Q

inter-

A

between

253
Q

juxta-

A

near, beside

254
Q

para-

A

near, beside

255
Q

retro-

A

behind, backward

256
Q

Prefix: around

A

circum-, peri-

257
Q

Prefix: in, within

A

intra-

258
Q

Prefix: outside

A

extra-

259
Q

Prefix: on, over

A

epi-

260
Q

Prefix: below

A

sub-, infra-

261
Q

Prefix: between

A

inter-

262
Q

Prefix: near, beside

A

juxta-, para-

263
Q

Prefix: behind, backward

A

retro-

264
Q

Prefix: above

A

supra-

265
Q

Prefix: under

A

infra-

266
Q

digit

A

finger or toe

267
Q

fundus

A

area of a hollow organ furthest from its opening

268
Q

lumen

A

central opening within a tube or hollow organ

269
Q

meatus

A

canal or opening

270
Q

orifice

A

cavity opening

271
Q

os

A

mouth or body opening

272
Q

septum

A

division wall between cavities

273
Q

sinus

A

bone-formed cavity

274
Q

finger or toe

A

digit

275
Q

area of a hollow organ furthest from its opening

A

fundus

276
Q

central opening within a tube or hollow organ

A

lumen

277
Q

canal or body opening

A

meatus

278
Q

cavity opening

A

orifice

279
Q

mouth or body opening

A

os

280
Q

division wall between cavities

A

septum

281
Q

bone-formed cavity

A

sinus

282
Q

circular muscle that regulates an opening

A

sphincter

283
Q

-plasia

A

condition involving formation of tissue

284
Q

Suffix: condition involving formation of tissue

A

-plasia

Medical Terminology A (7 decks)

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