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SGU FTM E2 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Achetylcholine

A

Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Choline Ester
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Non-selective for Muscarinic & Nicotinic Receptors
Mechanism of Action: Direct Acting Muscarinic & Nicotinic Agonist
Main Function: Miosis during sx
Therapeutic Use: Rapid miosis after cataract sx
Contraindications/Side Effects: Sweating, salivation, flushing, low bp, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction
Notes: Quaternary ammonium, lipophobic, rapidly hydrolyzed, no systemic effects, not widely used clinically

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2
Q

Bethanechol

A

Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Choline Ester
Target Receptor/Enzyme: M3
Mechanism of Action: Direct Acting Muscarinic Agonist
Main Function: Smooth muscle relaxation & Vasodilation
Therapeutic Use: post-op urinary retention, atony of bladder
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:

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3
Q

Methacholine

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Choline Ester
Target Receptor/Enzyme: M2
Mechanism of Action: Direct Acting Muscarinic Agonist
Main Function: Bronchoconstriction
Therapeutic Use: Test bronchoconstriction in asthma-suspecting patients
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes: resistant to hydolysis by AChE
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4
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Natural Alkaloids
Target Receptor/Enzyme:
Mechanism of Action: Direct-Acting Partial Muscarinic Agonist
Main Function: Miosis
Therapeutic Use: Glaucoma & Dry mouth after radiotherapy, CF Diagnostics
Contraindications/Side Effects: Sweating, Salivation, Flushing, Low bp, Abdominal pain, Nausea, Diarrhea, Bronchospasm
Notes: Tertiary amine, Lipophilic

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5
Q

Nicotine

A

Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Natural Alkaloid
Target Receptor/Enzyme:
Mechanism of Action: Direct-Acting Nicotinic Agonist
Main Function: Low doses - stimulates autonomic ganglia High doses - ganglionic & neuromuscular block —> paralysis
Therapeutic Use: Smoking cessation therapy
Contraindications/Side Effects: Addiction
Notes: Tertiary Amine, Lipophilic

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6
Q

Edrophonium

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype:
Target Receptor/Enzyme:
Mechanism of Action: Indirect Acting / AChE Inhibitor or Anticholinesterase
Main Function:
Therapeutic Use: Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosis; Reverse neuromuscular block
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
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7
Q

Physostigmine

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Carbamate
Target Receptor/Enzyme: 
Mechanism of Action: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor / Indirect
Main Function: 
Therapeutic Use: Anticholinergic OD
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes: can enter CNS, Lipophilic
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8
Q

Neostigmine

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Carbamate
Target Receptor/Enzyme:
Mechanism of Action: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor / Indirect
Main Function: 
Therapeutic Use: Myasthenia Gravis Tx, Urinary retention, reverse neuromuscular block
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
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9
Q

Pyridostigmine

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Carbamate
Target Receptor/Enzyme:
Mechanism of Action: Indirect / Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Main Function: 
Therapeutic Use: Myasthenia Gravis tx
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
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10
Q

Malathion

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Organophosphate
Target Receptor/Enzyme:
Mechanism of Action: Indirect Acting / Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Main Function:
Therapeutic Use: Insecticides
Contraindications/Side Effects: Poisonous
Notes:
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11
Q

Sarin

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Organophosphate
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Nerve Agent
Mechanism of Action: Indirect / AChE inhibitor
Main Function:
Therapeutic Use:
Contraindications/Side Effects: Toxic
Notes:
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12
Q

Atropine

A

Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: Belladonna Alkaloid
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Muscarinic Antagonist
Mechanism of Action:
Main Function: Mydriasis & Cycloplegia; Decrease secretions, gastric motility, hypermotility of bladder; Tachycardia
Therapeutic Use: Block secretions before sx; Cholinergic agonist OD (antidote)
Contraindications/Side Effects: Dry mouth, Blurred vision, Sandy eyes, Tachycardia, Constipation, Urinary retention, Restlessness, Confusion, Hallucinations, Delirium, Anhydrosis, Increase body temperature
Notes: Lipophilic

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13
Q

Scopolamine

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: BellaDonna Alkaloid
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Muscarinic Antagonist
Mechanism of Action:
Main Function: 
Therapeutic Use: Prevent motion sickness
Contraindications/Side Effects: Angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, elderly
Notes:
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14
Q

Ipratropium

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: 
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Muscarinic Antagonist
Mechanism of Action:
Main Function:
Therapeutic Use: COPD & Asmtha Tx
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
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15
Q

Tropicamide

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: 
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Muscarinic Antagonist
Mechanism of Action:
Main Function: Mydriasis
Therapeutic Use: Fundoscopy
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes: Lipophilic
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16
Q

Hexamethonium

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype: 
Target Receptor/Enzyme: N(n)
Mechanism of Action: Ganglion Blocker - Muscarinic Antagonist
Main Function: 
Therapeutic Use:
Contraindications/Side Effects: Tachycardia
Notes:
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17
Q

Tubocurarine

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype:
Target Receptor/Enzyme: (Nm)
Mechanism of Action: Neuromuscular Blocker - Muscarinic Antagonist
Main Function: relax muscle
Therapeutic Use: anesthesia in sx
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
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18
Q

Succinylcholine

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype:
Target Receptor/Enzyme: 
Mechanism of Action: Neuromuscular Block - Muscarinic Antagonist
Main Function:
Therapeutic Use: rapid intubation; depression
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
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19
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A 
Type: Cholinergic
Subtype:
Target Receptor/Enzyme:
Mechanism of Action: Acts Presynaptically - Cholinergic Antagonist
Main Function: Inhibits ACh release
Therapeutic Use: Muscle spasms; facial wrinkles, hyperhidrosis
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
20
Q

Norepinephrine

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Direct Acting Endogenous Catecholamine
Target Receptor/Enzyme: A1, A2, B1
Main Function: Peripheral Vasoconstriction; Increase BP: Increase Cardiac Contractility
Mechanism of Action: Endogenous agonist
Therapeutic Use: Shock
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
21
Q

Epinephrine

A

Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Direct Acting Endogenous Catecholamine
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Alpha & Beta receptors
Main Function: Increase HR & contractile force & CO; Increase O2 demand; Increase Renin release; Arteriole constriction; Dilate skeletal muscle blood vessels; Bronchodilation; Increase liver glycogenolysis; Increase lipolysis
Mechanism of Action: At [low]=B1&B2, Bronchodilation. At [high]=A1, Vasoconstriction, Increase BP
Therapeutic Use: Anaphylactic shock, Acute Asthma attack, Cardiac arrest
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:

22
Q

Isoproterenol

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Non-Selective Beta Agonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: B1 & B2
Main Function: Increase HR/contractile force/CO; Dilate arterioles of skeletal muscle/Decrease resistance; Decrease Diastolic Pressure; Stable or Increase Systolic Pressure; Decrease MAP; Bronchodilation
Mechanism of Action:
Therapeutic Use: Stimulate HR during emergency heart block or bradycardia
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
23
Q

Dobutamine

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: B1 Agonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: B1
Main Function: Mild Vasodilation; Increase O2 consumption
Mechanism of Action:
Therapeutic Use: Stress Echocardiogram; Acute Heart Failure Management; Cardiogenic Shock Management
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
24
Q

Albuterol

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: B2 Agonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: B2
Main Function: Bronchodilation
Mechanism of Action:
Therapeutic Use: Acute Asthma Attacks
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
25
Q

Phenylephrine

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: A1 Agonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: A1
Main Function: Vasoconstriction
Mechanism of Action: 
Therapeutic Use: Nasal Decongestant; Mydriatic
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
26
Q

Clonidine

A

Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Partial A2 Agonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: A2
Main Function: Centrally-Acting Hypertensive
Mechanism of Action: Activates central presynaptic A2 adenoreceptors
Therapeutic Use: Reduce symapthetic outflow —> Decrease BP
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes: Acts on Gi (inhibitory receptor)

27
Q

Amphetamine

A

Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Indirect Acting Releasing Agents
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Cause NE release of presynaptic terminal, potentiate NE effects
Main Function: Increase BP
Mechanism of Action: Central stimulatory action
Therapeutic Use: ADHD; Narcolepsy
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:

28
Q

Tyramine

A

Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Indirect Acting Releasing Agent
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Causes NE release from presynaptic vessicles
Main Function:
Mechanism of Action: Normally oxidized my MAO
Therapeutic Use:
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes: Vasopressin episode in Anti-Depressant patient; In fermented foods

29
Q

Cocain

A

Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Indirect Acting Uptake Inhibitor
Target Receptor/Enzyme:
Main Function: potentiation & prolongation of central & peripheral actions
Mechanism of Action: Blocks monoamine reuptake so accumulation in synaptic cleft
Therapeutic Use:
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:

30
Q

Ephedrine

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Mixed Acting
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Increase NE release, Activate adrenergic receptors
Main Function: 
Mechanism of Action: Penetrates CNS
Therapeutic Use: Pressor agent during spinal anesthesia
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes: Not a catecholamine
31
Q

Pseodoephedrine

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Mixed Acting Agonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: Ephedrine enantiomer
Main Function:
Mechanism of Action:
Therapeutic Use: Decongestant
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
32
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Non-Selective Alpha Antagonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: A1&A2
Main Function: Reduces sympathetic tone of BV; Decrease PVR
Mechanism of Action: Irreversible antagonist
Therapeutic Use: Pheochromocytoma Surgery Removal
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:

33
Q

Phentolamine

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Non-Selective A-Antagonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: A1&A2
Main Function:
Mechanism of Action:
Therapeutic Use: Pheochromocytoma surgery - control hypertension; Hypertensive crisis due to stimulant drug overdose
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
34
Q

Prazosin

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: A1-Selective Antagonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: A1
Mechanism of Action: Relax arterial & venous smooth muscle
Main Function: Lower BP
Therapeutic Use: Hypertension (not DOC); BPH - relax smooth muscle in bladder, prostate, urethra, which improves urine flow
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:
35
Q

Propranolol

A

Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Non-Selective Beta Antagonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: B1&B2
Mechanism of Action:
Main Function: Decrease HR/contractility; Respiratory crisis; Decrease glycogenolysis; Decrease glucagon secretion
Therapeutic Use: Hypertension; Hyperthyroidism; Performance Anxiety; Stable Angina Pectoris; Glaucoma; Atrial Fibrillation; MI; Migraine Prophylaxis
Contraindications/Side Effects: Bronchoconstriction in asthmatics; Hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics
Notes: CNS effects: Sedation; Dizziness; Lethargy; Fatigue

36
Q

Atenolol

A 
Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: B1 Selective Antagonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: B1
Mechanism of Action:
Main Function: Decrease HR/contractility
Therapeutic Use: Hypertensive Diabetic Patients
Contraindications/Side Effects: Bronchospasm but not likely
Notes:
37
Q

Pindolol

A

Type: Adrenergic
Subtype: Non-selective beta antagonist
Target Receptor/Enzyme: B1 & B2
Mechanism of Action: Partial agonist - acts as competitive reversible antagonist
Main Function: Decrease HR/contractility; Decrease glycogenolysis; Decrease glucagon secretion
Therapeutic Use: Hypertensive patients with diminished cardiac reserve or propensity to bradycardia
Contraindications/Side Effects:
Notes:

38
Q

Sulfonamide/Sulfa Drugs

A

Antibiotic
Inhibit PABA, Para Amino Benzoic Acid
Folate Analogue - inhibits folic acid synthesis

39
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Antibiotic

Inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase

40
Q

Methotrexate

A

Anti-Cancer
Competitively inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase in mammalian cells
Uses: Tx of psoriasis, RA, arthritis
Side effects: anemia, scaly skin, hair loss, immune deficiency, GI disturbance

41
Q

Mycophenoic Acid

A

Inhibits IMP dehydrogenase (formation of GTP and ATP)

42
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (conversion of ADP/GDP to ATP/GTP)

43
Q

Allopurinol

A

Irreversibly inhibits xanthine oxidase
Decrease uric acid formation
Increase Hypoxanthine and Xanthine in the blood
Uses: Gout tx

44
Q

Febuxostat

A

Uses: gout tx

Mechanism of action: xanthine oxidase inhibitor

45
Q

Probenecid

A

Uses: gout tx

Mechanism of action: increase excretion of uric acid

46
Q

5 Fluorouracil

A

Anti cancer ; Suicide inhibitor
Irreversibly binds Thymidylate Synthetase
Inhibits conversion of dUMP to dTMP

SGU FTM E2 (8 decks)

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