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promotion of health & wellness > drug use and addiction > Flashcards

drug use and addiction Flashcards

1
Q

pathological pursuit of pleasure or relief by substance use and other behaviors

A

addiction

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2
Q

addiction involves disruption of brains system related to

A

reward, motivation and memory

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3
Q

addictive behaviors are any activities or uses of substances that are

A

pursued compulsively for physical or psychological reward, despite unwanted consequences

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4
Q

experts agree that addiction is more fully defined by

A

behavioral characteristics and changes in the brain may underline addiction

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5
Q

body adapts to a drug so that the initial dosage no longer produces the original emotional or psychological effects

A

tolerance

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6
Q

behavioral addiction examples

A

gambling, gaming, eating, compulsive exercise, work addiction, sex and pornography, shopping, internet

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7
Q

when the activity becomes _______ its an indication of a problem

A

the focus of life at the expense of other needs

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8
Q

addiction most associated with

A

psychoactive drugs

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9
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

those that alter a person’s perception, mood, behavior, consciousness

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10
Q

in short term, psychoactive drugs can cause

A

intoxication

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11
Q

substance misuse

A

use of a substance that is not consistent with medical or legal guidelines

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12
Q

substance use disorder has a cluster of symptoms involving

A

cognitive, bodily, social impairment related to the continued use of a substance

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13
Q

the DSM-5 has 11 criteria for diagnosis of an addiction:
____= mild
___=moderate
____=severe

A

2-3
4-5
6+

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14
Q

addiction often starts when

A

a person does something to bring pleasure or avoid pain

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15
Q

increased dependence

A

reinforcement

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16
Q

increased usage

A

tolerancep

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17
Q

pleasure gone, use to avoid withdrawal

A

withdrawal

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18
Q

Diverse factors must come together to SUD to develop

A

personality, lifestyle, heredity, the social and physical environment, and the nature of the substance or behavior in question

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19
Q

allure of drugs: initial use

A

availability and peer influence

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20
Q

reasons for using drugs

A

 To alter one’s mood
 To feel a euphoric high
 In pursuit of a spiritual experience
 To escape boredom, anxiety, depression, feelings of worthlessness, other distressing symptoms
 Cope with difficulties of life

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21
Q

factors associated with drug experimentation

A

males
troubled childhood
thrill-seeker
dysfunctional family
trouble at school
poverty
adolescents engaged in risky sexual behavior

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22
Q

characteristics associate with not using drugs

A

o Perceiving drug use as risky, and disapproving of it
o Positive self-esteem and self-concept
o Assertive, independent thinkers able to resist peer pressure
o Self-control
o Social competence
o Optimism
o Academic achievement
o Religiosity
o Open communication with parents

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23
Q

how drugs affect brain chemistry:fast acting drugs increase

A

dependency

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24
Q

how drugs affect brain chemistry: impacts ___ action

A

neurotransmitter

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25
Q

how drugs affect physical factors

A

body mass, health, genetics

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26
Q

how drugs affect psychological factors

A

response affected by user expectations

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27
Q

how drugs affect social factors

A

trusted environment
friends vs strangers

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28
Q

treatment for addiction should assess

A

other mental disorders as well as infectious disease

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29
Q

medication-assisted treatment

A

methadone

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30
Q

harm reduction strategies

A

syringe exchange programs
safe injection facilities
provision of easy to use forms of naloxone
free testing of street drugs

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31
Q

naloxone

A

drug that rapidly reverses opioid OD

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32
Q

any chemical other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body

A

drug

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33
Q

a drug that can alter a persons consciousness or experience

A

psychoactive drug

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34
Q

the state of being mentally affected by a chemical

A

intoxication

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35
Q

chronic disease that disrupts the brains system of motivation and reward, characterized by a compulsive desire and increasing need for a substance or behavior and by harm to the individual ans/or society

A

addiction

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36
Q

compulsive behavior that is both rewarding and reinforcing and is often pursued to the marginalization or exclusion of other activities and responsibilities

A

addictive behavior

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37
Q

lower sensitivity to a drug or substance so that a given dose no longer exerts the usual effect and larger doses are needed

A

tolerance

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38
Q

the subjectively pleasing effects of a drug, usually feel quite soon after drug is taken

A

high

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39
Q

the use of any substance in a manner inconsistent with legal or medical guidelines

A

substance misuse or abuse

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40
Q

cluster of symptom involving cognitive, bodily, and social impairment related to the continued use of a substance; a single disorder measured on a continuum from mild to severe

A

substance use disorder

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41
Q

physical and psychological symptoms that follow the interrupted use of a drug on which a user is physically dependent; symptoms may be mild or life-threatening

A

withdrawal

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42
Q

frequent or consistent use of a drug or behavior that makes it difficult for the person to get along without it

A

dependence

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43
Q

the result of physiological and/or psychological adaptation that occurs in response to the substance or behavior

A

dependence

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44
Q

opioids

A

natural or synthetic drugs that relieve pain, cause drowsiness, and induce euphoria

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45
Q

intoxicating ingredient in fermented or distilled beverages

A

alcohol

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46
Q

beer ABV

A

3-6%

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47
Q

ales and malt liquor ABV

A

6-8%

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48
Q

wine ABV

A

9-14%

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49
Q

fortified wine ABV

A

20%

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50
Q

hard liquor ABV

A

35-50%

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51
Q

proof value

A

two times the percentage concentration

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52
Q

a 100-proof beverage contains ___% ABV

A

50

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53
Q

one drink refers to the amount of a beverage that typically contains

A

.6 oz of alcohol

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54
Q

calculare pure oz of alcohol in serving
12 oz beer 10 proof

A

10 proof= 5%
.05x12=.6 oz

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55
Q

calories in alcohol

A

7cal/g

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56
Q

standard drink is about ___g of ethanol

A

14

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57
Q

alcohol in one “standard drink” supplies ___ calorie

A

100-120

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58
Q

“light” in beer refers to

A

calories

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59
Q

rate of alcohol absorption is affected by

A

 Food in the stomach slows the absorption
 Carbonation and artificial sweeteners increase the rate
 High alcohol concentration slow absorption
 Biological sex, race, and ethnicity also affect the rate of absorption

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60
Q

where alcohol absorption takes place

A

small amount in oral mucosa
20% in stomach
75% in small intestine
remainder enters bloodstream

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61
Q

alcohol transported by the

A

circulatory system

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62
Q

main site for alcohol metabolism

A

liver

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63
Q

2-10% alcohol excreted by

A

lungs, kidneys, sweat glands

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64
Q

rate of metabolism varies among individuals

A

 Genetic factors (ALDH)
 Drinking behavior
 Not affected by exercise, breathing deeply, eating, drinking coffee, taking other drugs, sleep

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65
Q

alcohol enters the brain and affects

A

neurotransmitters

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66
Q

with heavy alcohol use, loss of

A

brain function and changes in brain structure

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67
Q

BAC

A

ratio of alcohol in the blood by weight

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68
Q

BAC affected by

A

body weight, percentage of body fat, sex

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69
Q

in general, body can rid alcohol at a rate of

A

.1 oz/hr/50 lb

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70
Q

calculate how long it takes to rid alcohol
12 oz beer, 10-proof, drinker is 150 lb

A

2.5x10x12/150
2 hours

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71
Q

formula for rid alcohol rate

A

2.5 x proof x volume in oz / body weight

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72
Q

immediate affect of alcohol depend on

A

person, circumstances, and amount of alcohol consumed

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73
Q

primary factor for alcohol immediate effect

A

amount in blood

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74
Q

.02-.05% effects

A

reduced sensory and motor functioning; many people become sleepy, vision, smell, taste, hearing becomes less acute. depression of the CNS, muscles, and other body systems occurs

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75
Q

concentrations of .35% and higher

A

coma, fatality

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76
Q

alcohol hangover

A

headache, shakiness, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, impaired mental functioning

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77
Q

large amounts of alcohol in short time can rapidly raise the BAC into the lethal range

A

alcohol poisoning

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78
Q

using alcohol with other drugs

A

alcohol-drug combinations are a leading cause of drug-related deaths

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79
Q

alcohol related injuries and violence

A

alcohol use is linked to homicide, suicide, automobile crashes, other traumatic incidents

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80
Q

alcohol and aggression

A

many arrests happen for drug and alcohol related offenses

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81
Q

over ___% of all murders, assaults, and rapes are related to alcohol

A

40

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82
Q

alcohol and sexual decision making

A

unplanned and unprotected sex becomes more likely

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83
Q

pattern of rapid, periodic drinking that brings a persons BAC up to .08% or higher

A

binge drinking

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84
Q

binge drinking: within two hours

A

5 for men, 4 for women

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85
Q

binge drinking associated with increased rates of ___, risk for ___

A

STD, rape, SA

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86
Q

how many people killed in alcohol related accidents in 2019

A

10,142

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87
Q

higher doses of alcohol are associated with a much greater probability of a crash and serious legal consequences

A

dose-response function

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88
Q

long term effects of alcohol misuse: digestive system

A

functioning of the liver altered
fatty liver
cirrhosis
pancreatitis

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89
Q

fatty liver

A

alcohol-associated hepatitis, cirrhosis

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90
Q

cirrhosis

A

disease in which the liver is severely damaged by alcohol other toxins, or infections

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91
Q

long term effects of alcohol misuse: cardiovascular system

A

higher doses elevate BP
may weaken the heart muscle
holiday heart

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92
Q

holiday heart

A

abnormal heart rhythm within 24 hours of a binge episode

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93
Q

long term effects of alcohol misuse: cancer

A

increased risk of cancer in the mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, breast
colorectal, liver cancer

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94
Q

5-6 drinks per day combined with smoking increase risk of cancer by

A

factor of 50 or more

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95
Q

___ drink per day increases risk for breast cancer

A

1

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96
Q

long term effects of alcohol misuse: brain damage and mortality

A

brain shrinkage, cognitive impairments

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97
Q

life expectancy of people with AUD

A

15 years less than those who do not have the disorder

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98
Q

alcohol use during pregnancy

A

crosses the placenta, harms fetus

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99
Q

early in pregnancy, heavy drinking can cause

A

spontaneous abortion or miscarriage

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100
Q

FAS

A

lifelong disability for unborn child

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101
Q

alcohol-related neurodevelopment disorder

A

significant learning and behavioral disorders

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102
Q

the risk of HD increases starting with an average of

A

7 drinks per week

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103
Q

WHO statement on alcohol

A

there is no safe amount of alcohol to consume

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104
Q

world cancer research statement on alcohol

A

drinking alcohol increases the risk of cancer, and there is no threshold at which the risk decreases

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105
Q

meeting ___ of the DSM-5 criteria indicates AUD

A

2

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106
Q

AUD commonalities

A

o Alcohol often consumed in large amounts over a long period
o Unsuccessful efforts to control alcohol use
o Excessive time spent using alcohol or recovering from its effects
o Strong desire or craving to use alcohol
o Persistent alcohol use causes a failure to fulfill obligations
o Continued alcohol use despite recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by its effects
o Important social or recreational activities reduced
o Persist in using alcohol in situations that are physically risky
o Continued use despite knowing it may worsen a recurrent physical or psychological problem
o Need for increased amounts of alcohol (increased tolerance)
o Symptoms of withdrawal

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107
Q

AUD warning signs

A

o Drinking alone or secretively
o Using deliberately and repeatedly to get through difficult situations
o Using alcohol to “self-medicate”
o Feeling uncomfortable on certain occasions when alcohol is not available
o Escalating consumption
o Consuming alcohol in risky situations
o Getting drunk regularly or more frequently than in the past
o Drinking in the morning

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108
Q

most binge drinkers are not

A

alcohol dependent

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109
Q

binge drinking causes more than___ of the 90,000 deaths and ____ estimated economic cost of excessive drinking in 2010

A

half, 3/4

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110
Q

severe alcohol use disorder characterized by

A

tolerance and withdrawal

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111
Q

patterns and prevalence of severe AUD

A

regular intake of large amounts
regular heavy drinking limited to weekends
long periods of sobriety interspersed with binges of daily heavy drinking lasting for weeks or months
heavy drinking limited to periods of stress

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112
Q

health effects of severe AUD

A

severe withdrawal
nutritional deficiencies
blackouts
social and psychological effects

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113
Q

alcohol severe withdrawal

A

seizure, confusion, hallucinations, delirium tremens

114
Q

prevalence of psychiatric conditions is ___ in people with AUD

115
Q

precise causes of severe AUD

116
Q

AUD treatment

A

AA
groups
moderation management
AI-Anon
lateen
employee assistant and school based programs
inpatient
pharmacotherapy

117
Q

pharmacotherapy treatments for AUD

A

disulfriam, naltrexone, acamprosate

118
Q

disulfiram

A

inhibits metabolic breakdown

119
Q

naltrexone

A

reduces the craving for alcohol and decreases its pleasant effects

120
Q

injectable naltrexone

A

single monthly shot

121
Q

Acamprosate

A

acts on brain pathways related to alcohol craving

122
Q

men or women more likely to drink, misuse, develop AUD

123
Q

men: excessive drinking usually beings

A

teens, twenties

124
Q

men or women account or majority of alcohol-related deaths

125
Q

men or women tend to develop AUD at later ages

126
Q

develop medical complications more often

127
Q

ethnicity hs higher rates of AUD

A

native Americans

128
Q

ethnicity use less alcohol than average for American adults

A

black Americans

129
Q

black americans have disproportionately high levels of

A

alcohol-related medical problems and violence

130
Q

hispanic Americans drinking pattern depend on

A

cultural background

131
Q

rate of tobacco use vary based on

A

gender, age, race, ethnicity, educational level

132
Q

adults with education of ____ or less are more likely to smoke cigarette

133
Q

tobacco

A

leaves of cultivated tobacco plants prepares for smoking, chewing, or use as snuff

134
Q

primary reason for using tobacco

A

nicotine addiction

135
Q

considered by many to be the most physically addicting the psychoactive drugs

136
Q

loss of control

A

users may plan their schedule around opportunities to satisfy their nicotine cravings

137
Q

____combine with physiological addiction to maintain tobacco habit

A

social and psychological

138
Q

stimuli that are not necessarily pleasurable in themselves but are associated with other stimuli that are pleasurable

A

secondary reinforcers

139
Q

___% of adult smoker started before age 18

140
Q

the average age for starting smokers and smokeless tobacco users is around

A

15
17 for ecig

141
Q

most often young people start smoking because

A

peers are already doing it

142
Q

tobacco users often rationalize the dangers

A

sense of invincibility also contributes

143
Q

tobacco smoke is a toxic mix that

A

adversely affects nearly every part of the body

144
Q

unfiltered cigaretts: __ particles per cubic mm

145
Q

unfiltered cigarettes have ____ times more particles than smoggy urban air

146
Q

condensed particles in the cigarette produce

A

brown, sticky mass: cigarette tar

147
Q

___ chemicals in a burned cigarette are linked to cancer

148
Q

carcinogens either directly cause cancer or

A

combine with other chemicals to cause cancer

149
Q

tobacco contains acutely poisonous substances

A

arsenic, hydrogen cyanide, nicotine

150
Q

smoking and carbon monoxide

A

displace oxygen in RBC depleting body supply of oxygen needed for extra work

151
Q

additives account for roughly ___% of a cigarette

152
Q

additives in cigarettes

A

added sugars
bronchodilators and ammonia

153
Q

added sugar in cigarette

A

mask bitter tase and enhance the additive effect

154
Q

bronchodilators and ammonia in cigarettes

A

boost nicotine delivery

155
Q

side stream smoke

A

un inhaled smoke from burning cigarette

156
Q

toxic chemicals in vaping

A

formaldehyde, acreolein, acetaldehyde

157
Q

beginning smoker often has symptoms of mild nicotine poisoning

A

dizziness, rapid pulse, cold clammy hands, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

158
Q

depending on the dosage, nicotine can ___ or __ the NS

A

excite, tranquilize

159
Q

nicotine stimulus the

A

cerebral cortex, discharge of adrenaline

160
Q

outer region of the brain which controls complex behavior and mental ability

A

cerebral cortex

161
Q

long term effects of smoking: CVD

A

CHD
atherosclerosis
angina pectoris
myocardial infarction
stroke, aortic aneurysm, pulmonary HD

162
Q

hardening of arteries

163
Q

deposit of fatty substances called plaques in arterial walls

A

atherosclerosis

164
Q

chest pain due to CHD

A

angina pectoris

165
Q

heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

166
Q

primary cause of lung cancer

167
Q

long term effects of smoking: COPD

A

emphysema, chronic bronchitis

168
Q

long term effects of smoking: additional health, cosmetic, economic concerns

A

 Severe covid
 Ulcers
 Thinning of brain cortex
 Erectile dysfunction
 Reduced fertility
 Dental disease
 Diminished senses of taste and smell
 Injuries
 Cosmetic concerns
 Economic costs

169
Q

pack-a-day habit can exceed $____ per year

170
Q

women are at greater risk for smoking related

A

blood clots, stroke, cancer

171
Q

in addition to nicotine, carcinogens and other toxic chemicals, e-cog also produce

A

nanoparticles which have been linked to inflammation leading to asthma, stroke, HD

172
Q

smoking and pregnancy linked to

A

miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, low birth weight
behavioral problems, lower intelligence test scores, memory

173
Q

what can be done to combat smoking

A

state anti-tobacco and anti-vaping laws
FDA regulation
individual action

174
Q

options for quitting tobacco

A

behavior change
national toll free number
smoking cessation products

175
Q

opioid drug names

A

morphine
heroin
codeine
oxycodone
hydrocodone
fentanyl

176
Q

morphine street names

A

M, miss Emma, white stuff

177
Q

street names heroine

A

dope, H, junk, brown sugar

178
Q

street names codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone

A

oxy, killer, captain Cody, OC

179
Q

fetanyl street names

A

goodfellas, murder 8, tango and cash

180
Q

mechanism of actions opioids

A

binding to opioid receptors
pan relief
euphoria and reward system activation
respiratory depression

181
Q

short term effects of opioids

A

relief of anxiety and pain
drowsiness
nausea
respiratory depression

182
Q

persistent use of opioids creates dysregulation of ___ and co-occuring impairment in

A

dopamine transmission, frontal brain regions impacts cognition and function

183
Q

opioid endocrine effects are probably dose related and can lead to

A

amenorrhea in women
reduced libido
erectile dysfunction
infertility
depression, fatigue
OD

184
Q

according to AMA, ___% of people who take prescription pain meds develop addiction

185
Q

people misusing opioids may try to switch from prescription pain killers to

186
Q

opioid OD death rates have ____ in the past decade

A

almost tripled

187
Q

CDC indicates____ in drug OD deaths

188
Q

in 2022 heroin was involved in___% of opioid-related ED visits

189
Q

covid pandemic saw a ___ in opioid-related ED visits

190
Q

opioid treatment options

A

rehab
OUD
pharma
therapy, support group

191
Q

CNS depressants drug names

A

benzodiazepines, barbiturates, GHB, alcohol

192
Q

CNS depressant street names

A

xanax, blues, sleepers

193
Q

benzodiazepines affect neurotransmitter

194
Q

GABA is main ___ neurotransmitter

A

inhibitory

195
Q

the inhibition of neuronal activity results in

A

calming effects, reducing anxiety, promoting sleep, produce muscle relaxation

196
Q

barbiturates enhance effects of

197
Q

barbiturates bind to GABA-A receptor and increase

A

duration og chloride channel opening, leading to more prolongs inhibitory effect

198
Q

GHB acts on ___ receptor a

199
Q

when GHB binds to these receptors it

A

enhances effects of GABA and produces CNS depressions

200
Q

alcohol enhances GABA activity by

A

increasing opening frequency of GABA-A channels
inhibits glutamine

201
Q

short term effects of benzodiazepines

A

Relaxation, drowsiness, impaired coordination, memory impairment, and reduced anxiety

202
Q

short term effects of barbiturates

A

Sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression, and altered perception

203
Q

short term effects of GHB

A

Euphoria, sedation, dizziness, and muscle relaxation

204
Q

short term effects of alcohol

A

lowered inhibitions, slurred speech, impaired judgment, and motor skills.

205
Q

long term effects benzodiazepines

A

Tolerance, dependence, cognitive impairment, memory issues, and potential for overdose

206
Q

long term effects barbiturates

A

Tolerance, dependence, liver damage, respiratory issues, and overdose risk.

207
Q

long term effects GHB

A

Memory loss, dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and potential for overdose.

208
Q

long term effects alcohol

A

Liver damage, neurological damage, heart problems, cognitive decline, and gastrointestinal issues

209
Q

potential for abuse/addiction: benzodiazepines

A

high potential for abuse and dependence. tolerance builds quickly leading to increased doses

210
Q

potential for abuse/addiction: barbiturates

A

high potential for abuse, addiction, and fatal OD due to respiratory depression

211
Q

potential for abuse/addiction: GHB

A

high abuse potential and can lead to dependence and dangerous withdrawal

212
Q

potential for abuse/addiction: alcohol

A

extremely high potential for abuse and addiction, leading to AUD

213
Q

estimated ED visits and death: benzodiazepines

A

thousands annually

214
Q

estimated ED visits and death: barbiturates

A

less common now

215
Q

estimated ED visits and death: GHB

A

ER visits and OD, death uncommon

216
Q

estimated ED visits and death: alcohol

A

tens of thousands

217
Q

treatment options for CNS depressants

A

CBT, support group, detox, therapy, rehab, counseling

218
Q

CNS stimulant drug names

A

cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, adderall

219
Q

CNS stimulant street names

A

blow, Nic, Molly, bennies, speed, black, adds

220
Q

mechanism of action for CNS stimulants

A

increase activity of neurotransmitters and block reuptake which stimulates their release or directly activate receptors
increase alertness
increase attention
increase energy
raise BP, HR, breathing rate

221
Q

caffeine blocks

A

adenosine receptors

222
Q

short term effects of CNS stimulants

A

increase, irregular HR, BP
nervousness
insomnia
heightened sense of well being
excitement, euphoria
reduced appetite

223
Q

long term effects if CNS stimulants

A

paranoia/psychosis
hostility
brain damage
damage neuron receptors
depression, anxiety, irritability
lower impulse control

224
Q

potential for abuse/addiction CNS stimulants

A

rewarding, makes you feel alert, ready

225
Q

meth related ED visits

A

406 per 100,000 in 25-44 year old
males 250/100,000

226
Q

cocaine ED visits

A

223/100,000 males 178/100,000

227
Q

in 2010 ___% of OD involved stimulants, in 2021 ___%

228
Q

CNS stimulant treatment options

A

crisis lifeline
inpatient/outpatient rehab
group therapy
detox
counseling

229
Q

drug names cannabis

A

weed, marijuana

230
Q

cannabis is the

231
Q

cannabis native to

A

central or South Asia

232
Q

active ingredients in cannabis

233
Q

street name for cannabis

A

aunt Mary, BC, bud, grass, doobie, blunt/joint, boom, chronic, sticky icky, ganja, Mary Jane, reefer, gas, trees, devils lettuce, wacky tabacky, hash, dope, pot, week

234
Q

weed mechanisms of action

A

active ingredient THC cannabinoid receptors in the brain and other organs, affecting nerve cell activity

235
Q

weed short term effects

A

means of ingestion, increased or slowed HR, lessened balance and coordination, dreamy state of mind

236
Q

weed long term effects

A

gain a high tolerance/tolerance breaks, poor mental aptitude, poorer memories, lung damage

237
Q

highest % of drug related ED visits are ___% for cannabis

238
Q

weed treatment options

A

behavioral therapy

239
Q

hallucinogens drug names

A

ecstacy, ketamine, LSD, PCP

240
Q

hallucinogens street names

A

angel dust, acid, vitamin K, speed, candy, jet, special K

241
Q

mechanisms of action: classical hallucinogens

A

LSD binds to seretonin receptors in the prefrontal cortex which results in visual distortions, altered sense of time, change in self-awareness

242
Q

mechanism of action: dissociative hallucinogens

A

ketamine and PCP bind to NMDA receptors

243
Q

hallucinogen short term effects

A

tachycardia, anxiety, nausea, sweating, hypertension, paranoia, hallucinations

244
Q

hallucinogen long term effects

A

psychosis, hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, cognitive impairments

245
Q

ketamine is more addictive because of

A

euphoric effects

246
Q

treatment options for hallucinogens

A

therapy, rehab

247
Q

inhalants drug names

A

solvents, aerosols, gases, nitrates

248
Q

huffing

A

inhaling chemical vapors

249
Q

term for the euphoric feeling produced by inhalants

250
Q

refers specifically to nitrous oxide

251
Q

refers to amyl nitrate or other nitrates

252
Q

another term for nitrous oxide or certain gas-based inhalants

253
Q

nitrous oxide, often used for its euphoric effects l

A

laughing gas

254
Q

refers to inhaling glue fumes

A

glue sniffing

255
Q

refers to inhaling spray paint or other paint-based solvents

256
Q

refers to inhaling substances like gasoline or lighter fluid

A

solvent abuse

257
Q

inhaling substances like computer cleaning dusters

258
Q

mechanisms of action for inhalants

A

paint cans
glue
sharpies
paint thinner
lighter fluid
amyl nitrate
shoe polish

259
Q

short term effects inhalants

A

head high (euphoria)
dizziness
hallucinations
slurred or distorted speech
lack of body control

260
Q

vapes contain chemicals that cause long term damage to

A

lungs, brain, overall body

261
Q

formaldehyde

A

changes lung function
breathing problems

262
Q

acrolein

A

respiratory disrress
delayed pulmonary edema

263
Q

acetaldehyde

A

cancer causing
irreversible damage to DNA

264
Q

nicotine can alter brain development including

A

memory, learning, how you process info

265
Q

metal particles in vape

A

chromium, nickel, lead, tin, aluminum
increased risk of cancer

266
Q

inhalant long term effects

A

bone development
liver injury
hearing loss
asphyxia-related brain damage
bone marrow disease
occasionally, first time uses can be fatal

267
Q

treatment options inhalants

A

medical intervention, therapy, rehab

268
Q

synthetic drugs

A

new psychoactive substances, made to mmic effects of existing illicit drugs

269
Q

synthetic drug names

A

opioids, cannabinoids, cathinones, ecstasy, phenethlyamines

270
Q

opioid street names

A

perc, captain Cody, miss Emma, juice, oxygen 80

271
Q

street names cannabinoids

A

spice, k2, skunk, blaze, blis

272
Q

street names cathinones

A

bath salts, flakka, gravel

273
Q

street names ecstasy

274
Q

street names phenethylamines

A

smiles, blue mystic, n-bomb

275
Q

drugs made to mimic natural drugs

A

THC, CBD, opium, cahinone, amphetamine, cocainr

276
Q

THC and CBD interact with ___ receptors

A

cannabinoid

277
Q

short term effects of synthetic drugs

A

relaxation, hallucinations, confusion, anxiety, rapid HR, vomitting, GI problems, dizziness, feelings of wellbeing

278
Q

long term effects synthetic cannabinoids

A

kidney damage, seizures, breathing pain, chest pain, heart attack

279
Q

long term effects cathinones

A

kidney damage, muscle breakdown, heart problems, convulsions

280
Q

synthetic drug treatment options

A

PCP, inpatient programs, therapy

promotion of health & wellness (11 decks)

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