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promotion of health & wellness > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychological health

A

the ability to function optimally in the face of challenges, whether or not a mental illness exists

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2
Q

psychological health can also be used to define

A

absence of sickness or presence of wellness

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3
Q

psychological health affects all aspects of wellness

A

maintaining emotional, social, physical

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4
Q

maintaining emotional, social and physical wellness is difficult if

A

you are not psychologically well

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5
Q

psychological health is not about

A

being normal

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6
Q

seeking health does not mean someone is

A

psychologically unhealthy or mentally ill

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7
Q

never seeking help is not a sign of

A

psychological health

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8
Q

people cannot be mentally ill or mentally healthy solely on

A

the basis of symptoms

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9
Q

mallows hierarchy of needs

A

self actualization
self esteem
love and belongingness
safety and security
physiological needs

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10
Q

self actualization

A

state met by people who have fulfilled a good measure of their human potential

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11
Q

self actualization states

A

realism
acceptance
autonomy
authenticity
capacity for intimacy
creativity

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12
Q

acceptance

A

positive self concept and healthy self esteem

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13
Q

autonomy

A

physical, social, emotional, intellectual independence

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14
Q

self esteem

A

as a person, as a doer, in relationships

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15
Q

love and belongingness

A

loved, loving, connected

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16
Q

safety and security

A

safe surroundings, protection by others, knows to avoid risks

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17
Q

physiological needs

A

food and water, shelter, sleep, exercise, sex

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18
Q

Martin seligman: positive psychology is focus on

A

defining goals and ways to achieve them

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19
Q

Martin seligman: happiness can be cultivated through 3 equally valid dimensions

A

pleasant life
engaged life
meaningful life

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20
Q

pleasant life

A

maximizing positive emotions

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21
Q

engaged life

A

cultivating positive personality traits

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22
Q

emotional intelligence

A

the capacity to identify and manage your own emotions and respond to the emotions of others

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23
Q

meaningful life

A

working with others toward a meaningful end

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24
Q

Erik Erikson: growing up psychologically means

A

developing coping mechanisms for meeting life challenges

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25
Q

Erickson: developing a

A

unified sense of self

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26
Q

Erickson: developing a unified sense of self beigins in ___ and culminates in

A

adolescence; having a unified sense od self, of ones roles and place in the world, of ones uniqueness

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27
Q

achieving healthy self esteem

A

regarding yourself as good, competent and worth of love

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28
Q

develop positive self concept

A

sense of being loved and being able to give love
integration of your self concept
stability-freedom from contradictions in your self-concept

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29
Q

meeting challenges to self-esteem

A

acknowledge when something has gone wrong, avoid blaming
notice your thinking
avoid focusing on the negative
develop realistic self-talk

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30
Q

cognitive distortions

A

patterns of negative thinking that make events seem worse than they are

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31
Q

mental strategies used to cope with conflict or anxiety

A

projection
repression
denial
displacement
dissociation
rationalization
reaction formation
substitution
acting out
humor
altruism

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32
Q

optimism

A

tendency to emphasize the hopeful and expect a favorable outcome

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33
Q

pessimism

A

tendency to focus on the negative and expect unfavorable outcomes

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34
Q

assertiveness

A

expression that is forceful but not hostile; being able to say yes or no depending on situation

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35
Q

honest communication

A

knowing that you deserve to express your thoughts and feelings and maintain safe boundaries

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36
Q

social media balance

A

consider whether social media is helping you feel connected or leading to greater anxiety

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37
Q

learning to deal with loneliness

A

try to understand root cause
unrealistic expectations that everyone you meet like you can result in feelings of inadequacy
feeling shy or isolated from people requires action

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38
Q

anger

A

normal and healthy emotion

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39
Q

no expression of anger

A

bottled up emotion

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40
Q

self assertiveness anger

A

emotive but not hostile

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41
Q

sestructive anger

A

explosive and inappropriate and chronic
can indicate intermittent explosive disorder

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42
Q

managing your own anger

A

stress reduction
reframe situation
have compassion for self and others
seek root cause

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43
Q

managing anger in others

A

stay calm
have compassion
disengage if necessary

44
Q

when do emotions become disorders

A

when they interfere with usual daily living and impact your peace of mind

45
Q

psychological disorders are generally the result of many factors like

A

genetic differences
learning and life events
environment
health care experiences
exposure to traumatic events
self esteem
coping mechanisms

46
Q

some psychological disorders are associated with a dysfunctional interaction between

A

neurotransmitters and their receptors

47
Q

nerve cells communicate through

A

electrical and chemical messengers

48
Q

neurotransmitters such as ___ and ___ alter the overall responsiveness of the brain and are responsible for mood, levels of attentiveness, other psychological states

A

seretonin, norepinephrine

49
Q

many psychological issues are related to problems with _____ and ___ treatments frequently target them

A

neurotransmitters and their receptors
drug

50
Q

some antidepressant drugs increase levels of serotonin by

A

slowing the resorption of serotonin

51
Q

diagnosis criteria

A

DSM

52
Q

anxiety disorder

A

feelings of fear that are experienced on a recurring basis or in response to typical, unavoidable life situations

53
Q

specific phobia

A

fear of something definite

54
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being observed by others

55
Q

panic disorder

A

sudden unexpected surges in anxiety

56
Q

symptoms of panic disorder

A

rapid HR, shortness of breath, feeling of loss of mental control, loss of physical equilibrium

57
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of being alone away from help

58
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

excessive, uncontrollable worry about multiple issues

59
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and the performing of senseless rituals

60
Q

obsessions

A

recurrent, unwanted thoughts or impulses that are not ordinary concerns

61
Q

compulsions

A

repetitive, difficult to resist actions

62
Q

PTSD

A

physiological and emotional reaction to events that produce a sense of terror and hopelessness (assaults, military combat, natural disaster)

63
Q

symptoms of PTSD

A

re-experiencing the trauma in dreams and in intrusive memories
avoiding anything associated with the trauma
numbing feeling

64
Q

PTSD symptoms must last ____ for diagnosis to be made

A

at least a month

65
Q

acute stress disorder

A

diagnosis of those who have similar symptoms but whose symptoms resolve in less than a month

66
Q

anxiety disorder treatments

A

medication
psychological interventions

67
Q

ADHD features

A

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

68
Q

ADHD diagnosis

A

persistent pattern of behavior
behaviors interfering in quality of functioning or development
symptoms before age 12

69
Q

ADHD treatment

A

no cure
medication, psychotherapy, education, training

70
Q

mood disorders

A

emotional disturbances that is in intense and persistent enough to affect normal function

71
Q

depression characterized by

A

loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, other physical symptoms

72
Q

depression treatment

A

combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy

73
Q

only ___% of people experiencing depression seek treatment

A

35

74
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

effective for severe depression when other approaches have failed

75
Q

bipolar disorder

A

alternating periods of depression and mania

76
Q

mania

A

excessive elation, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self esteem, expansiveness
impulsive and risky behaviors

77
Q

bipolar disorder associated with high rates of

A

substance abuse, anxiety, suicide

78
Q

bipolar treatment

A

depend on severity
medication: lithium, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics

79
Q

schizophrenia affects ___ people

A

1 in 100

80
Q

schizophrenia

A

devastating mental disorder that affects thinking and perceptions of reality

81
Q

general characteristics of schizophrenia

A

disorganized thoughts
disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
delusions, firmly held false beliefs
auditory hallucinations
deteriorating social and work functioning

82
Q

schizophrenia caused by combination of

A

genetic and environmental factors, symptoms present in adolescence

83
Q

outcome of not receiving help when needed for psychological wellbeing

A

suicide

84
Q

suicide is the __ leading cause of death for 10-14 year olds

A

2nd

85
Q

LGBTQ+ youth are ___ more likely to attempt suicide than straight peers

A

4x

86
Q

60% people who die by suicide are

A

depressed

87
Q

signs that may indicate suicidal ideation

A

any mention of dying, disappearing, self harm
changes in personality
sudden, unexplained brightening of mood
sudden move to give away important possessions
increase in reckless behavior

88
Q

risk factors of suicide

A

history of previous attempts
sense of hopelessness, helplessness, guilt, worthlessness
alcohol or other substance abuse
serious medical problems
mental disorders
availability of weapon
family Hx
social isolation
history of abuse, neglect
victim of bullying, current or past

89
Q

key protective factors of suicide

A

strong religious faith or cultural prohibition on suicide
connection to other people
engage in treatment
connection with children, pets
lack of access to lethal means

90
Q

biological model

A

emphasizes that the minds activity depends on an organic structure, the brain, whose composition is genetically determined

91
Q

most important biological model

A

pharmacological therapy

92
Q

pharmacological therapy

A

antidepressants
mood stabilizers
antipsychotics
anxiolytics
hypnotics
stimulants

93
Q

lessened stigma related to depression

A

drug therapy revolutionized treatment

94
Q

for mild depression- ____ may be more effective

A

psychotherapy

95
Q

for severe cases of depression- ____ most effective

A

combined treatments

96
Q

behavioral model

A

focuses on overt behavior rather than on the brain structure of consciousness

97
Q

cognitive model

A

looks for complicated attitudes, expectations and motives

98
Q

cognitive model identifies and exposes

A

false ideas relieves anxiety and depression

99
Q

cognitive model: people are taught to

A

notice their unrealistic thoughts and test their assumptions

100
Q

psychodynamic model

A

emphasizes thoughts

101
Q

psychodynamic model is the belief that thoughts

A

cannot be changed directly; thoughts are fed by unconscious ideas and impulses

102
Q

psychodynamic model: gain present understanding

A

of feelings that will help them overcome their maladaptive patterns

103
Q

most clinicians subscribe to a biopsychosocial model which combines

A

many aspects of understanding the mind, including genetic history, relationships, culture, and personal idiosyncrasies

104
Q

CBTs combine

A

effective elements of the different psychological models

105
Q

self help

A

use behavioral and cognitive approaches to provide self-awareness, increased assertiveness, improved self-esteem, improved communication
writing in a journal
religious practice

106
Q

professional help is indicated when

A
  • depression, anxiety or other emotional problems seriously interfere with school, work, relationships
  • suicide attempted, considered
  • hallucinations, delusions, memory loss, incoherent speech
  • alcohol or drugs impair normal fun

promotion of health & wellness (4 decks)

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