chapter 3 Flashcards
what is psychological health
the ability to function optimally in the face of challenges, whether or not a mental illness exists
psychological health can also be used to define
absence of sickness or presence of wellness
psychological health affects all aspects of wellness
maintaining emotional, social, physical
maintaining emotional, social and physical wellness is difficult if
you are not psychologically well
psychological health is not about
being normal
seeking health does not mean someone is
psychologically unhealthy or mentally ill
never seeking help is not a sign of
psychological health
people cannot be mentally ill or mentally healthy solely on
the basis of symptoms
mallows hierarchy of needs
self actualization
self esteem
love and belongingness
safety and security
physiological needs
self actualization
state met by people who have fulfilled a good measure of their human potential
self actualization states
realism
acceptance
autonomy
authenticity
capacity for intimacy
creativity
acceptance
positive self concept and healthy self esteem
autonomy
physical, social, emotional, intellectual independence
self esteem
as a person, as a doer, in relationships
love and belongingness
loved, loving, connected
safety and security
safe surroundings, protection by others, knows to avoid risks
physiological needs
food and water, shelter, sleep, exercise, sex
Martin seligman: positive psychology is focus on
defining goals and ways to achieve them
Martin seligman: happiness can be cultivated through 3 equally valid dimensions
pleasant life
engaged life
meaningful life
pleasant life
maximizing positive emotions
engaged life
cultivating positive personality traits
emotional intelligence
the capacity to identify and manage your own emotions and respond to the emotions of others
meaningful life
working with others toward a meaningful end
Erik Erikson: growing up psychologically means
developing coping mechanisms for meeting life challenges
Erickson: developing a
unified sense of self
Erickson: developing a unified sense of self beigins in ___ and culminates in
adolescence; having a unified sense od self, of ones roles and place in the world, of ones uniqueness
achieving healthy self esteem
regarding yourself as good, competent and worth of love
develop positive self concept
sense of being loved and being able to give love
integration of your self concept
stability-freedom from contradictions in your self-concept
meeting challenges to self-esteem
acknowledge when something has gone wrong, avoid blaming
notice your thinking
avoid focusing on the negative
develop realistic self-talk
cognitive distortions
patterns of negative thinking that make events seem worse than they are
mental strategies used to cope with conflict or anxiety
projection
repression
denial
displacement
dissociation
rationalization
reaction formation
substitution
acting out
humor
altruism
optimism
tendency to emphasize the hopeful and expect a favorable outcome
pessimism
tendency to focus on the negative and expect unfavorable outcomes
assertiveness
expression that is forceful but not hostile; being able to say yes or no depending on situation
honest communication
knowing that you deserve to express your thoughts and feelings and maintain safe boundaries
social media balance
consider whether social media is helping you feel connected or leading to greater anxiety
learning to deal with loneliness
try to understand root cause
unrealistic expectations that everyone you meet like you can result in feelings of inadequacy
feeling shy or isolated from people requires action
anger
normal and healthy emotion
no expression of anger
bottled up emotion
self assertiveness anger
emotive but not hostile
sestructive anger
explosive and inappropriate and chronic
can indicate intermittent explosive disorder
managing your own anger
stress reduction
reframe situation
have compassion for self and others
seek root cause
managing anger in others
stay calm
have compassion
disengage if necessary
when do emotions become disorders
when they interfere with usual daily living and impact your peace of mind
psychological disorders are generally the result of many factors like
genetic differences
learning and life events
environment
health care experiences
exposure to traumatic events
self esteem
coping mechanisms
some psychological disorders are associated with a dysfunctional interaction between
neurotransmitters and their receptors
nerve cells communicate through
electrical and chemical messengers
neurotransmitters such as ___ and ___ alter the overall responsiveness of the brain and are responsible for mood, levels of attentiveness, other psychological states
seretonin, norepinephrine
many psychological issues are related to problems with _____ and ___ treatments frequently target them
neurotransmitters and their receptors
drug
some antidepressant drugs increase levels of serotonin by
slowing the resorption of serotonin
diagnosis criteria
DSM
anxiety disorder
feelings of fear that are experienced on a recurring basis or in response to typical, unavoidable life situations
specific phobia
fear of something definite
social anxiety disorder
fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being observed by others
panic disorder
sudden unexpected surges in anxiety
symptoms of panic disorder
rapid HR, shortness of breath, feeling of loss of mental control, loss of physical equilibrium
agoraphobia
fear of being alone away from help
generalized anxiety disorder
excessive, uncontrollable worry about multiple issues
obsessive-compulsive disorder
uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and the performing of senseless rituals
obsessions
recurrent, unwanted thoughts or impulses that are not ordinary concerns
compulsions
repetitive, difficult to resist actions
PTSD
physiological and emotional reaction to events that produce a sense of terror and hopelessness (assaults, military combat, natural disaster)
symptoms of PTSD
re-experiencing the trauma in dreams and in intrusive memories
avoiding anything associated with the trauma
numbing feeling
PTSD symptoms must last ____ for diagnosis to be made
at least a month
acute stress disorder
diagnosis of those who have similar symptoms but whose symptoms resolve in less than a month
anxiety disorder treatments
medication
psychological interventions
ADHD features
inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
ADHD diagnosis
persistent pattern of behavior
behaviors interfering in quality of functioning or development
symptoms before age 12
ADHD treatment
no cure
medication, psychotherapy, education, training
mood disorders
emotional disturbances that is in intense and persistent enough to affect normal function
depression characterized by
loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, other physical symptoms
depression treatment
combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy
only ___% of people experiencing depression seek treatment
35
electroconvulsive therapy
effective for severe depression when other approaches have failed
bipolar disorder
alternating periods of depression and mania
mania
excessive elation, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self esteem, expansiveness
impulsive and risky behaviors
bipolar disorder associated with high rates of
substance abuse, anxiety, suicide
bipolar treatment
depend on severity
medication: lithium, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics
schizophrenia affects ___ people
1 in 100
schizophrenia
devastating mental disorder that affects thinking and perceptions of reality
general characteristics of schizophrenia
disorganized thoughts
disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
delusions, firmly held false beliefs
auditory hallucinations
deteriorating social and work functioning
schizophrenia caused by combination of
genetic and environmental factors, symptoms present in adolescence
outcome of not receiving help when needed for psychological wellbeing
suicide
suicide is the __ leading cause of death for 10-14 year olds
2nd
LGBTQ+ youth are ___ more likely to attempt suicide than straight peers
4x
60% people who die by suicide are
depressed
signs that may indicate suicidal ideation
any mention of dying, disappearing, self harm
changes in personality
sudden, unexplained brightening of mood
sudden move to give away important possessions
increase in reckless behavior
risk factors of suicide
history of previous attempts
sense of hopelessness, helplessness, guilt, worthlessness
alcohol or other substance abuse
serious medical problems
mental disorders
availability of weapon
family Hx
social isolation
history of abuse, neglect
victim of bullying, current or past
key protective factors of suicide
strong religious faith or cultural prohibition on suicide
connection to other people
engage in treatment
connection with children, pets
lack of access to lethal means
biological model
emphasizes that the minds activity depends on an organic structure, the brain, whose composition is genetically determined
most important biological model
pharmacological therapy
pharmacological therapy
antidepressants
mood stabilizers
antipsychotics
anxiolytics
hypnotics
stimulants
lessened stigma related to depression
drug therapy revolutionized treatment
for mild depression- ____ may be more effective
psychotherapy
for severe cases of depression- ____ most effective
combined treatments
behavioral model
focuses on overt behavior rather than on the brain structure of consciousness
cognitive model
looks for complicated attitudes, expectations and motives
cognitive model identifies and exposes
false ideas relieves anxiety and depression
cognitive model: people are taught to
notice their unrealistic thoughts and test their assumptions
psychodynamic model
emphasizes thoughts
psychodynamic model is the belief that thoughts
cannot be changed directly; thoughts are fed by unconscious ideas and impulses
psychodynamic model: gain present understanding
of feelings that will help them overcome their maladaptive patterns
most clinicians subscribe to a biopsychosocial model which combines
many aspects of understanding the mind, including genetic history, relationships, culture, and personal idiosyncrasies
CBTs combine
effective elements of the different psychological models
self help
use behavioral and cognitive approaches to provide self-awareness, increased assertiveness, improved self-esteem, improved communication
writing in a journal
religious practice
professional help is indicated when
- depression, anxiety or other emotional problems seriously interfere with school, work, relationships
- suicide attempted, considered
- hallucinations, delusions, memory loss, incoherent speech
- alcohol or drugs impair normal fun
