Drug Therapy With Macrolides, Ketolides, and Miscellaneous Anti-Infective Agents CH 19 E3

Question 1

Glycylcyclines

Answer 1

class of anti-infective agents that are structurally related to the tetracyclines and share many of the same properties; used for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis, as well as treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections

Question 2

Gray syndrome

Answer 2

dangerous condition that occurs in newborns who are given chloramphenicol; may lead to fatalities

Question 3

Ketolides

Answer 3

newer class of antibiotics that belong to the macrolide group; have a more broad-spectrum effect compared to macrolides, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae infections

Question 4

Lincosamides

Answer 4

similar to macrolides in their mechanism of action and antimicrobial spectrum

Question 5

Lipopeptides

Answer 5

a new class of antibiotics that kills gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting synthesis of bacterial proteins, DNA, and RNA

Question 6

Macrolides

Answer 6

may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on drug concentrations in infected tissues; widely used for treatment of respiratory tract and skin/soft tissue infections caused by streptococci and staphylococci

Question 7

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 7

microorganisms resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics such as penicillin and erythromycin; frequently colonizes nasal passages of health care workers and is increasing as a cause of infection in health care facilities

Question 8

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species non-aureus

Answer 8

other strains of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci

Question 9

Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 9

methicillin-susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Question 10

Mycobacterium avium complex

Answer 10

caused by atypical mycobacteria; opportunistic infection that occurs mainly in people with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection

Question 11

Oxazolidinones

Answer 11

newer class of antibiotics; active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 12

Red man syndrome

Answer 12

adverse reaction when vancomycin is administered too quickly; characterized by hypotension, flushing, and skin rash

Question 13

Streptogramins

Answer 13

class of antibacterial drugs; produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens bacteria

Question 14

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Answer 14

pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to vancomycin

Question 15

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium

Answer 15

Enterococcus faecium that is resistant to vancomycin