Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing > Drug Therapy for Fluid Volume Excess > Flashcards

Drug Therapy for Fluid Volume Excess Flashcards

1
Q

Anasarca

A

generalized massive edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anuria

A

no urine output (don’t give this person a diuretic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ascites

A

fluid overload in the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Edema

A

General medical term for swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dependent Edema

A

dependent on the lowest point in the body. Feet and fingers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

Fluid outside of the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

Fluid inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Renal Physiology

A

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary Function of Kidneys

A

Regulate Volume (how much fluid to get rid of)
Composition of Urine (how many electrolytes we are going to keep)
Regulate pH (How many H+ ions we are going to eliminate)
Eliminating Wastes (medications, diet)
BP Regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RAAS System

A

increases perfusion through the kidneys and makes red blood cells through erythropoietin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RBC Production effect on BP

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vitamin D Conversion

A

maintain strong bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amount of Output the Kidney’s receive

A

receive 25% of cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Renal Capsule

A

the fibrous protection around the kidney to protect it because a bunch of blood is flowing through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Regions of Kidney

A

Cortex, Medulla, Renal Pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cortex

A

we are going to see part of the nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney. One million nephrons in each kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Medulla

A

middle layer that contains the loop of Henle and collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

takes newly made urine and makes it ready to go to the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nephron Functions

A

Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Secretions
Tubular Reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glomerular Filtration

A

filters out things that are good and need to stay in the body (protein, Na, K)
First stop of the blood coming into the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tubular Secretions

A

things that are secreted out with your urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tubular Reabsorption

A

things that your body is reabsorbing for you to use again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

bowman’s capsule

A

Blood comes in from the aorta into the glomerulus under high pressure

Under the high pressure, it pushes water, electrolytes, and other solutes out into bowman’s capsule which is like a catchers mitt

Bowman’s capsule pushes it down through the tubules where the urine is made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate:

A

How fast the glomerular is able to filter your blood! The faster the better

125 ml/min is normal

2L of secretion is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Conditions requiring Diuretic Agents:

A

Alterations in renal function (GFR)
Renal
Cardiovascular
Hepatic
Burns
Trauma
Allergies
Inflammatory Reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Reasons for Swelling

A

Increased Capule Permeability
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased Plasma Oncotic Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Decreased Plasma Oncotic Pressure

A

result from low plasma protein which are responsible for holding on to fluids and keeping them where they should be.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Increased hydrostatic pressure

A

increase blood volume causing high venous pressure. So much volume on the inside that the body tries to push it to the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Increased Capule Permeability

A

Part of the response to inflammatory or allergic reactions. Capillaries grow to allow for more blood to flow through

31
Q

Clinical manifestations

A

Edema
Alterations in fluid
Electrolyte Imbalance
Dependent Edema
Pulmonary Edema
Anasarca

32
Q

Diuretics

A

Treatment for Edema: increase urine output and increase urine formation

33
Q

Loop Diuretic Examples

A

Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide

34
Q

Loop Diuretic: Pharmacokinetics

A

PO, IV, IM. This is the strongest diuretic. Not K+ sparing

35
Q

Loop Diuretic Action:

A

Inhibit the Na+ and the Cl- reabsorption. Work in the ascending loop of Henle
If we stop the Na+ from going back into the body, we are going to stop the H2O from going back into the body as well!

36
Q

Loop Diuretic Use

A

Acute conditions of Renal Failure
Management of pulmonary edema, CHF, Hepatic and Renal Disease
Given alone or in combination with HTN
Patients w/ renal impairment
Patients with hepatic impairment
Critically ill patients
Home care patients

37
Q

Loop Diuretics Adverse Effects

A

fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Hypokalemia
Fluid volume deficit
Ototoxicity

38
Q

Loop Diuretic Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Corticosteroids
Digoxin

39
Q

Loop Diuretic Considerations

A

**Slow push: 20mg/min
Check Labs
Baseline weight and daily weight
Accurate I+O
Closely monitor Vitals, watch for hypotension
GIve PO in AM
Monitor safety r/t dizziness

40
Q

Loop Diuretic Diet

A

Low sodium
High K diet
Record daily weight

41
Q

Thiazide + Thiazide-like diuretics Examples

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Metolazone (thiazide-like)

42
Q

Thiazide Route and Class

A

Given PO. Not as strong so it is good for home management. Works in distal convoluted tube

43
Q

Thiazide Action

A

Decreases reabsorption of Na+, H2O, Cl-, HCO3

44
Q

Thiazide Use

A

First line of treatment for mild-moderate HTN
Edema associated with CHF or nephrotic syndrome
Patients with renal impairment

45
Q

Thiazide Adverse Side Effects:

A

+Hypotension
Weakness
+Dizziness
Diarrhea/constipation
Hypokalemia
*Hyperglycemia

46
Q

Thiazide Considerations

A

Check labs for electrolytes and glucose
Baseline weight and daily weight
Accurate I+O
Closely monitor vitals and watch for hypotension
Give in the AM
Monitor safety r/t dizziness

47
Q

Thiazide Patient Teaching

A

Low sodium diet
High k+ diet
Record daily weight
Change position slowly
Take in the morning

48
Q

Hypokalemia

A

below 3.5

49
Q

Hypokalemia S/SX

A

Confusion
GI upset
Heart arrhythmias
Death

50
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Example

A

Spironolactone

51
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Pharmacokinetics

A

Slow onset and peak 24-48 hours
6 week for maximum effect
Long term treatment

52
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Action

A

Block effects of aldosterone (in the RAAS system)
Weak diuretic effect
Use in combination with other diuretics

53
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Use

A

*treatment of heart failure
*ascites in liver disease
Hypokalemia
Mild-moderate HTN
*hyperaldosteronism (high aldosterone)

54
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Adverse Effects

A

Adregen (having to do with the male sex hormone) like effects
Alginomastia: breast tissue growth in males
Irregular periods in women

55
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Black Box Warning:

A

Increased risk of tumors if built up in the body

56
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Contraindications:

A

Renal insufficiency
Hyperkalemia
Drug interactions:
ACE-1, ARBs, K+ containing drugs

57
Q

Spironolactone Nursing implications

A

Check K+ levels
Check Kidney levels
Accurate I+O
Monitor for safety and dizziness

58
Q

Spironolactone Teaching

A

Avoid salt substitutes
Low K Diet
Record daily weight
Monitor abd girth
Change positions slowly
Take with morning food

59
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

K+ level above 5

60
Q

Hyperkalemia S/sx

A

Muscle cramps
EKG changes
Heart arrhythmias
Death

61
Q

Osmotic Diuretics Example

A

Mannitol (Emergency Med)

62
Q

Osmotic Action

A

Increases solute load (osmotic pressure) of glomerular filtrate
Pulls fluid into the blood stream and blocks reabsorption
Pulls from extravascular into blood
Decreases reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes

63
Q

Osmotic Use

A

Reduction of intracranial pressure
Reduction of intraocular pressure
Effective in decreased renal circulation and GFR

64
Q

Osmotic Adverse Effect

A

Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Confusion
Headache
Syncope
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Severe dehydration

65
Q

Osmotic Contraindications

A

Severe dehydration
Abdominal pain
Appendicitis
Pulmonary edema
Severe cardiac decompensation
Older adults

66
Q

Osmotic Nursing Implications

A

Comes in a glass bottle and is given IV
Baseline vitals and physical examination
Accurate I+O
Closely monitor vitals

67
Q

Osmotic Antidote

A

Hyaluronidase

*Osmotic Diuretics are toxic if they infiltrate

68
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Examples

A

Acetazolamide

69
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Action

A

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase to reduce formation of aqueous humor and lower IOP

70
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Uses

A

Open-angle glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma

71
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Adverse Effects

A

Metabolic Acidosis
Stephen johnson syndrome
Flaccid paralysis
Blood dyscrasias

72
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase COntraindicated

A

Non-congested angle-glaucoma (getting rid of fluid wont help non-congested…)
Addison’s disease
Electrolyte imbalance

73
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Nursing implications

A

Baseline vision exam
Eye gtts administration
IV or Eye drops

Nursing (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions