Drug Overdose and Toxicity Flashcards
Anticholinergic Toxicity
Causes hyperthermia, tachycardia, delirium, mydriasis, hot and DRY skin, ileus, and URINARY RETENTION.
LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)
Causes sympathetic activation and altered mental status. Auditory/ visual hallucinations.
Synthetic cathinones (“bath salts”
Sympathetic stimulation and aggression, hallucinations, paranoia, and confusion.
Comes up on urinary toxicology screen
TCA Overdose
Altered mental status, pupillary dilation, urinary retention, sinus tachycardia
Tx: sodium bicarbonate
Digoxin Toxicity
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal pain, anorexia, and blurred vision with a yellow tint
Tx: DIgiFab
CNS depressants (5)
- ETOH
- Opiods
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
- GHB
Stimulants (4)
- Amphetamines
- Methylphenidate
- MDMA
- Cocaine
Hallucinogens (7)
- LSD
- Mescaline
- Psilocybin
- PCP
- Ketamine
- Ibogaine
- Salvia
ETOH Withdrawal
Occurs within 12-48 h of drinking
Agitation, tremor, sweating, cramps, GI disturbance, headache, anxiety
Management of ETOH Withdrawal
- CIWA score - benzos (diazepam)
- Thiamine IM, then PO for 3d +folic acid
If >65 yo use lorazepam
Wernicke’s encephalopathy triad
- Oculomotor dysfunction
- Gait ataxia
- Confusion
Korsakoff Syndrome (3)
- Retrograde amnesia
- Anterograde amnesia
- Confabulation
Naltrexone
Opiod antagonist - Used to reduce alcohol cravings
Acamprosate
NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist - reduces ETOH cravings
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Prevents oxidation of ETOH causing adverse symptoms from drinkng
Opioid Intoxication
Respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, N+V, sedation
Treatment: naloxone
Opioid Withdrawal
dysphoric mood, insomnia, myalgia, N+V, chills, sweating, fever
Cocaine Intoxication
Elation, euphoria, pressured speech, restlessness
Sympathetic stimulation, tachycardia, sweating, dilated pupils, hypertension, hyperthermia
Amphetamine Intoxication
Euphoria, improved concentration, sympathetic and behavioural hyperactivity
Cannabis Intoxication
Tachycardia, conjunctival vascular engorgement, dry mouth, altered sensory effects, increased appetite, muscle relaxation, altered mood and perception
MDMA/ Ecstasy
Sympathetic stimulation: tachycardia, sweating, hyperthermia
Muscle spasms, seizures, death
Methamphetamine
High agitation, violence, aggression, hallucinations, paranoia, insomnia
PCP - Phencyclidine
Nystagmus, myoclonus, ataxia, autonomic dysfunction
Betablocker overdose
Bradycardia, hypotension, and CNS depression, arrhythmias
Tx: Glucagon