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Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Five layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

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2
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

Benign tumour - fibroblast proliferation

No treatment required

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3
Q

Skin tags

A

Small pedunculated (stalked) papule

Mx: snip excision, cryosurgery

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4
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Waxy papule - proliferation of keratinocytes and melanocytes

Mx: not required

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5
Q

Actinic (solar) keratoses

A

Erythematous papule with scaly keratonised surface

Pre-cancerous –> SCC

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6
Q

What are ephelides

A

Freckles

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7
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Elevated fluid filled lesion

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8
Q

Lipoma

A

Soft mobile tumours - adipocytes with fibrous cap

Mx: reassurance, excision

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9
Q

Xanthoma

A

Hyperlipidaemia in macrophages of the skin

Ix: biopsy, fasting lipid panel

Mx: conservative, exicision

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10
Q

Acne Vulgaris Pathophysiology

A
  1. Hyperkeratinisation at follicle opening
  2. Blocks sebum –> microcomedomes
  3. Androgens promote excess sebum production
  4. C. acnes bacteria metabolize sebum
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11
Q

Management acne

A

Mild: topical benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid

Clindamycin, retinoids

Moderate: doxycycline, spirinolactone, estrogen/progesterone

Severe: Isotretinoin (Accutane)

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12
Q

Perioral dermatitis

A

Discrete papules around the mouth

Can be caused by steroid use

Mx: avoid steroids, metronidazole gel, tetracycline

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13
Q

Rosacea

A

Chronic inflammatory erythema - relapsing, remitting

Exacerbated: temperature, wind, sun, stress, alcohol, spices

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14
Q

Scabies treatment

A

TOP permethrin

if topical treatment fails, PO ivermectin

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15
Q

Keloid management

A
  1. Intralesional steroid injection
  2. Silicone gel sheets
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16
Q

Atopic Dermatitis Features (5)

A
  1. Pruritus
  2. Inflammation
  3. Lichenification
  4. Excoriation
  5. Hyperlinearity of the palms
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17
Q

Management of atopic dermatitis

A
  1. Emollient creams
  2. TOP corticosteroid
  3. TOP calcineurin inhibitor (tacrolimus)
  4. Biologics
  5. TOP PDE-4 inhibitor - Eucrisa
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18
Q

Dyshidrotic eczema

A

Papulovesicular rash affecting palms and soles of the feet

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19
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

Erythema, yellow scaling, papules and plaques

Mx: ketoconazole (Nizoral) cream/ shampoo

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20
Q

Lichen Planus

A

Inflammation of skin and/ or mucous membranes

Pruritic papules
Can have white-grey lines - Wickham’s striae

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21
Q

Lichen Planus Management

A

Steroids - TOP or intralesional
PO prednisolone

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22
Q

Pityriasis Rosea

A

Red, oval plaques/ patches
Management: conservative, steroid if itchy

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23
Q

Pityriasis Rosea associated viruses

A

HHV-6/7

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24
Q

Plaque Psoriasis

A

Erythematous plaques with silvery white scales

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25
Psoriasis Severity BSA
Mild <3% Body Surface Area Moderate 3-10% Severe >10%
26
Treatment mild plaque psoriasis
Management: Steroids +/- calcipotriol Retinol +/- top steroid Emollient Phototherapy
27
Treatment moderate plaque psoriasis
1. Phototherapy 2. Methotrexate/ biologics 3. Ciclosporin 4. Acitretin (retinoid)
28
Guttate Psoriasis
Scattered small pink papules
29
Erythrodermic psoriasis management
Medical emergency IVF, treat underlying aggravating cause Ciclosporin, acitretin, biologics, methotrexate
30
Bullous Pemphigoid
Chronic autoimmune bullae Subepidermal Mx: prednisone TOP potent steroid (clobetasol) Immunosuppressants
31
Pemphigoid Vulgaris
Intraepidermal blisters, autoimmune Can affect mucous membranes Mx: same as bullous pemphigoid
32
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Inflammatory immunobullous manifestation of coeliac disease Ix: skin biopsy, immunofluorescence - IgA deposits Mx: Dapsone, GF diet
33
Steven Johnson Syndrome/ Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Features
1. Prodromal illness with fever and malaise 2. Red macular rash, blisters, targetoid lesions 3. Nikolsky's sign 4. Associated AKI/ ATN, cytopenia, tracheal erosion
34
SJS/ TEN Management
1. Discontinue drug 2. Admit ITU/ burn unit 3. IVF, supportive care 4. IVIg, ciclosporin, etanercept (anti-TNF)
35
Neurofibromatosis I Features (7)
2 or more of: 1. >5 café au lait spots 2. axilla/inguinal freckles 3. iris hamartoma 4.optic gliomas 5.neurofibromas 6. bony lesions 7. FHx in first degree relative
36
Cancer associated with neurofibromatosis I?
Astrocytoma
37
Impetigo
Honey-crusted lesions S.aureus or Group A Strep Mx: TOP antibiotic - mupirocin or fusidic acid
38
Cellulitis
Unilateral inflammed erythematous rash Tx: Cloxacillin first line
39
Cutaneous anthrax
Bacillus anthracis infection Ix: gram stain MC&S, PCR, full thickness punch biopsy Mx: PO ciprofloxacin
40
Tinea capitus
Mx: terbinafine
41
Herpes Simplex Virus
Grouped vesicles Associated with: dendritic corneal ulcer, EM, Ramsay Hunt syndrome Mx:
42
HSV -1
Cold sores Tx: TOP or PO acyclovir
43
HSV - 2
STIs Tx: PO acyclovir
44
Erythema multiforme
Immune-mediated, typically self-limiting, mucocutaneous condition characterised by ‘target’ lesions.
45
Molluscum contagiosum
Caused by virus of same name Mx: TOP cantharidin cryotherpy/curettage
46
Candidiasis
Mx: clotrimazole TOP
47
Pityriasis versicolor
Fungal infection brown/white macules (chest and back) Mx: ketonazole
48
Basal cell carcinoma - appearance
Skin-coloured papule/nodule, pearly border Depressed/ulcerated centre
49
Risk factors BCC
Sun exposure/ UVB Trauma Repeated sunburn Age (older), gender (male)
50
Management BCC
Superficial: Imiquimod cream, 5-flurouracil Photodynamic therapy, radiation, excision
51
What is Bowen's disease
SCC in situ Erythematous patch with scale or crusting
52
Squamous cell carcinoma
Hyperkeratotic indurated, papule/nodule May present as cutaneous horn
53
Malignant melanoma subtypes (4)
1. Superficial spreading 2. Nodular 3. Lentigo - in situ 4. Acral
54
Management melanoma
1. excision biopsy 2. high dose IFN, chemo, radiotherapy
55
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in which malignant T-cells are initially localised
56
Kaposi's sarcoma
HHV-8 Associated with AIDS, endemic sub-Saharan, Mediterranean descent Purple/blue macules/ plaques
57
Androgenetic Alopecia pathophysiology
Due to DHT effect on hair follicles
58
Hair growth cycle
1. Anagen - growth stage 2. Catagen - transitional 3. Telogen - resting
59
Telogen effluvium causes
Stress, post-partum, major illness
60
Anagen effluvium causes
Chemotherapy, chemicals - thallium, boron, arsenic
61
Alopecia Areata
Autoimmune disorder patches of complete hair loss Dystrophic nails Mx: TOP and intralesional steroids TOP immunotherapy systemic immunosuppressants
62
Cicatricial (scarring) alopecia
Irreversible hair loss with fibrosis Causes: radiation, burns, TB, leprosy, fungal, bacterial, lichen planus,
63
Erythema Nodosum
Inflammation of the subcutaneous fat Associated with IBD, sarcoidosis, some medications, leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma
63
Management erythema nodosum
NSAIDs treat underlying cause bed rest, compressive/wet dressings

Medicine (16 decks)

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