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Drug OD/ Poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

Ethanol- Sx

A
  • Ataxia, dysarthria, depressed sensorium, nystagmus

- Coma, resp depression

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2
Q

Ethanol- Dx

A
  • Blood ethanol concentration

- Dx hypovolemia, hypothermia, infection, trauma or GI bleeding

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3
Q

Ethanol- Tx

A
  • Supportive
  • GI decontamination
  • Thiamine and glucose
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4
Q

Salicylates- Sx

A
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Hyperventilation
  • Tinnitus
  • Listlessness
  • Seizures
  • Resp alkalosis followed by metabolic acidosis
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5
Q

Salicylates- Dx

A
  • Blood salicylate levels

- Acid-base status

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6
Q

Salicylates- Tx

A
  • Charcoal
  • Irrigation
  • Correct dehydration, hypoglycemia, acidosis
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7
Q

PCP- Sx

A
  • Alternation of severe agitation to quiet stupor
  • Bizzare, paranoid and extreme violence
  • Nystagmus
  • Muscle rigidity, dystonia, seziures
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8
Q

PCP- Dx

A
  • Urine PCP

- Gastric aspirate

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9
Q

PCP- Tx

A
  • Supportive care
  • GI decontamination
  • Diazepam
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10
Q

Acetaminophen- Sx

A
  • Anorexia, nausea, RUQ pain
  • Jaundice 24-73 hrs after ingestion
  • Hepatic failure
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11
Q

Acetaminophen- Dx

A
  • Serum concentration to guide tx
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12
Q

Acetaminophen- Tx

A

N-Acetylcystine

- Within 12-16 hrs of ingestion

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13
Q

Sedative hypnotics- Sx

A
  • Nystagmus
  • Atonia, lethargy, somnolence
  • Resp depression
  • Hypotension
  • Hypothermia
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14
Q

Sedative hypnotics-Dx

A
  • Serum levels misleading due to variety

- Flat EEG, extreme sedation

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15
Q

Sedative hypnotics-Tx

A
  • Tx shock and hypotension
  • Restore temp
  • Fluid replacement
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16
Q

Alkali ingestion- Sx

A
  • Lye, ammonia and detergents
  • Liquifactive necrosis
  • Corrosive burns of airways
  • Mouth and throat pain
  • Dysphagia
  • Drooling
  • Substernal pain
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17
Q

Alkali ingestion- Dx

A

Endoscopy

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18
Q

Alkali ingestion- Tx

A
  • Dilute with saline, milk or water

- Do not induce vomiting

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19
Q

Acid ingestion- Sx

A
  • Toilet bowl cleaners, bleach, battery acid
  • Mouth and throat pain
  • Dysphagia
  • Gastric or esophageal burns
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20
Q

Acid ingestion- Dx

A

Endoscopy

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21
Q

Acid ingestion- Tx

A

Dilute, do not neutralize

- Do not induce vomiting

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22
Q

Opiates- Sx

A
  • Sedation
  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypothermia
  • Resp depression
  • Pinpoint pupils
  • Pulm edema
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23
Q

Opiates-Dx

A

Regain consxiousness with naloxone admin

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24
Q

Opiates- Tx

A
  • Naloxone injection
  • Nalmefene
  • Support
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25
Organophosphates- Eti
- Cholenesterase inhibitors | - Insectisides, nerve gas
26
Organophosphates- Sx
Dumbels - Diarrhea - Urination - Miosis - Brochorrhea - Emesis - Excitation with muscle fasciculation - Lacrimation - Salvation - Death from resp depression
27
Organophosphates- Dx
- Low plasma or RBC cholinesterase level
28
Organophosphates- Tx
- Intensive supportive care - Atropine or pralidoxime - Avoid aspiration
29
Cocaine- Sx
- Euphoria, excitement, restless ness - Toxic psychosis, seizure, hypertension - Chest pain, MI, aoritc dissection
30
Cocaine- Tx
- Supportive measures - Clears body in 1 hr - Manage sympathetic hyperactivity
31
Petrolium distillates - Eti
- Oils, lighter fluid, vaseline, turpentine
32
Petrolium distillates -Sx
- Chocking, gagging or gasping - Hypoxia - Delayed findings, aspiration penumonia - CXR infiltraties
33
Petrolium distillates -Tx
- Gastric lavage | - Symptomatic tx
34
Amphetamines- Sx
- Euphoria - Mydriasis - Restlessness, psychosis and seizures - Hypertension - Palpitations and arrhythmias
35
Amphetamines- Dx
- Short 1/2 life, drug levels of little value
36
Amphetamines- Tx
- Diazepam or lorazepam | - Supportive care
37
Tricyclics- Sx
- Amtryptaline, imipramine doxepin - Rapid onset of life threatening effects - Anticholinergic activity - Mydriasis, dry mouth, tachycardia, agitation, hallucinations - Rapid coma onset - Twitching, myoclonus - Wide QRS
38
Tricyclics- Dx
- 3 Cs- Cardiac abn, convulsions, coma | - Wide QRS, prolonged QT
39
Tricyclics- Tx
- Do not induce emesis - ECG monitoring - Activated charcoal - Tx seizures, arrhythmias, hypotension
40
Ferrous sulfate- Sx
- Severe N/V abd pain 1-4 hrs- hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, shock, acidosis - Improvement 6-12 hrs - Shock, acidosis, coagulopathy and hypoglycemia 12-24 hrs - Hepatic poisoning
41
Ferrous sulfate-Dx
- Serum concentration - Elevated WBCs - CXR
42
Ferrous sulfate- Tx
- IV chelation- deferozamine | - Supportive care
43
Sympathomimetic syndrome
- Elevated BP and pulse - Severe HTN, reflex bradycardia - High temp - Dilated pupil - Sweaty skin, dry mucous membranes - Agitation, anxious, psychotic
44
Sympathomimetic syndrome- Eti
- Amphetamine - Cocaine - Ephedrine - Psuedoephedrine
45
Sympatholytic syndrome-
- Low BP, pulse and temp - Small, pinpoint pupils - Obtunsation or comatose
46
Sympatholytic syndrome- Eti
- Barbituates - Benzos - Sedative hypnotics- GHB , clonidine, opioids
47
Cholinergic syndrome
- Bradycardia - Miosis - Sweating - Hyperperistalsis - Bronchorrhea, wheezing, salivation - Urinary incontinence - Agitation and anxiety - Muscle fasciculation
48
Cholinergic syndrome- Eti
- Carbamates - Nicotine - Organophosphates
49
Anticholinergic syndrome
- Tachycardia - Mild HTN - High temp - Dilated pupil - Hot, flushed, dry skin - Myoclonus - Agitated delrium
50
Anticholinergic syndrome- Eti
- Atropine - Anticholinergics - Antihistamines - Tricyclics
51
Serotonin syndrome
- Tachycardia - Diarrhea - Hyperthermia - Tremor, clonus - Agitation and delirium
52
Serotonin syndrome- Eti
- SSRI/ SNRIs - TCAs - MAOIs - Fentanyl - Tramadol
53
Synthetic amphetamines- Sx
- Anxiety and agitation - HTN, tachy, hypertherm. - Hyperactive, AMS- hallucinations
54
Synthetic amphetamines- Eti
MDMA, molly, ecstacy | - Effects last 3-5 hrs
55
Synthetic amphetamines- Tx
- Cooling - Benzo for seizures - Supportive care
56
Synthetic cathinones- Eti
- Bath salts - 1-5 hrs - Taken repeatedly- awake hrs to days
57
Synthetic cathiones- sx
- Tremors, seizures - Irritability, hallucinations - CV dysfxn, HTN, N/V
58
Synthetic cathiones- Tx
- Benzos for seizures, sedation | - Antipsych for hallucinations
59
Synthetic cannabinoids- Eti
Spyce - Smoked or tea infusion - Last 3-4 hrs
60
Synthetic cannabinoids- Sx
- AMS- confusion, hallucination, seizures, anxiety - Tachy - Agitation
61
Synthetic cannabinoids- Tx
- Supportive care - Benzos - Tx HTN

EMS (19 decks)

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