Bites Flashcards
1
Q
Dog bites- Sx
A
- Crushing injury, devitalized tissue
- Pasturella. canis and Capnoytophagia cabunirus
- Oen wound
2
Q
Cat bites- Sx
A
- Puncture wounds
- Infection in 50-90%
- Pasturella multocide
- Bartonella henselae
- Cat scratch disease
3
Q
Animal Bites- Tx
A
- Abx- Augmentin, (amox-calvunate) clinda if allergic
- Irrigation under pressure
- Wound exploration
- xray
- Suture
- Consider rabies and tetanus
4
Q
Cat scratch disease
A
- Tender, regional lymphadeopathy
- B. hensleae
- Fever, malaise
5
Q
Human bites- Sx
A
- 3rd most common bite
- Crush injury, deep space infection
- Polymicrobial- Eichenella corrodens,
- strep viridans
6
Q
Human bites- Tx
A
- Augmentin
- High suspicion for fight bite, clenched fist injury
- Irrigation!
- Rarely suture
7
Q
Viper bites- Sx
A
- Rattle snake, cotton mouth, pit vipers
- Hematologic toxin
- Cytolysis
- DIC, bleeding, bullae, edema
- Anaphylaxis
8
Q
Elapids- Sx
A
- Coral snake
- Neuro toxin
- Tinnitus, metallic taste
- No edema
- Descending paralysis, paresthesias, blurred vision, dysphagia
9
Q
Vipers- Tx
A
- Crofab- monoclonal Ab
- May have rebound thrombocytopenia
10
Q
Elapid- Tx
A
- Antidote
- Supportive care, ventillation
- Tetnus prophylaxis
- Wound care
11
Q
Scorpions- Eti
A
- Concentrated in SW, Arizona
- Telson apparatus for stinging
- 11-15 k calls per year
12
Q
Scorpions- Sx
A
- Opens Na+ channels
- Autonomic neuron discharge- actylcholine and catecholamines
- HTN, tachycardia, lacrimation, diaphoresis, fasiculations
- Nerve disfunction
13
Q
Scorpion- Tx
A
- Analgesia, symptomatic tx
- Fatalities rare
- Young kids get antivenin
14
Q
Spider bites- Eti
A
- Brown recluse
- Black widow
- Hobo
- Tarantulas
15
Q
Brown recluse- Sx
A
- Necrotic lesions
- Erythematous papules -> blister, ulceration necrosis ->
- Bite if antagonized
- In South and lower mid west
16
Q
Black widow- Sx
A
- Ca++ channel ion formation
- N/ V, diaphoresis, HTN
- Restlessness
- Paucity of local sx, may feel small bite
- Hypertoxic myopathic syndrome
- Abnormal vital signs
- Severe abd cramping
17
Q
Black widow - Tx
A
- Analgesics, opiates and benzos for sever pain and spasms
- Antivenom for HTN crises, severe cases
18
Q
Tic bite- Eti
A
Ixodidae
- Summer months
- Young girls and adult men
19
Q
Tic bite- Sx
A
- Infectious transmission of disease
- Venom effects:
- Tic paralysis
- Neurotoxin- inhibits acetylcholine
20
Q
Tic bite- Tx
A
- Removal of tic
- Doxycycline
21
Q
Insect bites- Eti
A
- Wasps, bees and fire ants
- Deaths due to anaphylaxis
22
Q
Bee- Sx
A
- Wasps more aggressive
- Honey bee passive
- Pain, wheel and flair
- Edema
- Anaphylaxis
- Rhabdo, acute kidney injury
23
Q
Bee- Tx
A
- Supportive care- cold compress and NSAIDs
- Remove stinger
- IgE- epi, antihistamines, steroigd
- Systemic sx- > 100 stings,
24
Q
Fire ants- Sx
A
- local, painful sting
- Pruritic pustules, ulcerations > 5 cm
- Anaphylaxis
25
Q
Fire ant- Tx
A
- Supportive- cold compress, NSAIDs
- No antidote
26
Q
Jellyfish- Sx
A
- Linear, raised erythematous rn
27
Q
Jellyfish- Tx
A
- Remove stinger
- Wash with salt water, vinegar
- Analgesia- ice packs and NSAIDs
- Antihypertensives
28
Q
Stonefish and stingrays- Sx
A
- Local pain and swelling
- Cellulitis
- Swelling erythema
- Resp failure
- Trauma
29
Q
Stonefish and stingrays-Tx
A
- Hot water x 30-60 min
- Supportive care
