Drug Nutrient Interactions

Question 1

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Answer 1

Anorexia
Weight loss
Nausea

Question 2

Amitriptyline/elavil (antidepressant)

Answer 2

Sedative effect, weight gain

Question 3

Diazepam/Valium (anxiety)

Answer 3

Weight gain

Question 4

Chlorpromazine/Thorazine (antipsychotic-schizophrenia, manic depression)

Answer 4

Weight gain

Question 5

Chloridiazepoxide/Librium (anxiety or alcohol withdrawal)

Answer 5

Weight gain

Question 6

Marinol (tx loss of appetite)

Answer 6

Weight gain

Question 7

Caproheptadine/periactin (antihistamine)

Answer 7

Weight gain

Question 8

Megastrol acetate/megace (tx loss of appetite)

Answer 8

Weight gain

Question 9

Corticosteroids/ prednisone

Answer 9

Weight gain

Question 10

Lithium carbonate (depression)

Answer 10

Weight gain

Increased appetite

Question 11

MAO inhibitor (depression)
Nardil/marplan

Answer 11

Tyramine causes HTN if eaten with MAO inhibitor. Mao inhibitor releases norepinephrine which elevates blood pressure.
Restrict intake of tyramine:
1. Avoid aged, fermented, dried, spoiled, smoked, pickled, smoked foods - hard, aged cheese (cheddar, Swiss), sauerkraut, sausages, lunch meats, tofu, miso, Chianti wine
2. Limit sour cream, yogurt, buttermilk
3. Ok: cottage and cream cheeses

Question 12

Antitubercular

INH, isoniazid

Answer 12

B6
Increase intake or supplement
Don’t take with food, interferes with vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus

Question 13

Diuretics / potassium wasting

Furosemide, lasix

Answer 13

K, Mg, Ca, Zn

Increase intake or supplement

Question 14

Anticonvulsants

Phenytoin, phenobarbital

Answer 14

Folate, vitamin D

Increase intake or supplement

Question 15

Anticoagulants

Warfarin/Coumadin

Answer 15

Antagonizes vitamin k
Consistent intake essential
Avoid ginkgo Bologna extract, garlic, ginger
Avoid high doses of vitamin A, E

Question 16

Corticosteroids

Prednisone, cortisone

Answer 16

Suppress inflammation and immune system; decreased bone growth
Glucose, calcium
Possibly restrict glucose
Calcium: supplement

Question 17

Antidepressants (specifically lithium)

Answer 17

Sodium - maintain consistent intake (along with caffeine) to stabilize levels. If Na or caffeine are restricted, lithium excretion decreases, leading to toxicity

Question 18

Antiparkinsons (levodopa)

Answer 18

Protein, B6, aspartame - decrease effectiveness

Take drug in am with limited protein (

Question 19

Dextroamphetamine (ADHD, narcolepsy)

Answer 19

Appetite suppressant
Anorexia
Nausea
Weight loss

Question 20

Methotrexate (antineoplatic)

Answer 20

Folic acid

Supplement

Question 21

Colchicine

Answer 21

Tx gout

Increase intake or supplement b12

Question 22

Antacids

Answer 22

Tx Dyspepsia/peptic ulcer

Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn increase intake or supplement

Question 23

Orlistat

Answer 23

Decreases fat absorption by binding lipase

Vitamin/mineral supplementation

Question 24

Statins (HMG CoA reductase inhibitors)

Answer 24

Decrease LDL,TG

Increases HDL

Question 25

Mineral oil, cholestramine

Answer 25

Decrease absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins

Question 26

Glucocorticoids

Answer 26

Protein deficiency

Question 27

Antibiotics

Answer 27

Protein deficits

Decrease vitamin k

Question 28

Oral contraceptives

Answer 28

Decrease folate, B6, C

Question 29

Loop diuretics (lasix, demadex, bumex)

Answer 29

Deplete Na, Ca, Mg, K, thiamin

Question 30

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 30

Decreases k and mg

Abs calcium

Question 31

Propofol/diprivan

Answer 31

Fat calories: 1.1 kcal per ml

Check TG

Question 32

Phenobarbital

Answer 32

Decreases folic acid, folic acid, vitamins b12, d, k, b6

Question 33

Cyclosporine

Answer 33

Immunosuppressant 
Causes:
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperglycemia 
Hyperkalemia 
Hypertension

Question 34

Tetracycline

Answer 34

Binds calcium