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Nutrition Science > Digestion And Absorption > Flashcards

Digestion And Absorption Flashcards

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1
Q

HCL

A

Begins digestion of protein in stomach

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2
Q

Gastrin

A

Hormone released in stomach to stimulate gastric secretions and motility

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3
Q

CCK

A

Released from duodenum when fat enter
Causes contraction of gallbladder releasing bile
Stimulates pancreas

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4
Q

Secretin

A

Hormone released from duodenum
Stimulates flow of pancreatic juice bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme and water
Inhibits gastric acid secretion

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5
Q

GLP1 and GIP

A

Hormone released from the intestine in presence of glucose and fat
Stimulates insulin synthesis and release

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6
Q

Foods that slow gastric emptying

A

High fat and complex cho (esp soluble fibers)

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7
Q

These foods empty at about the same rate from the stomach

A

Carbohydrate and protein

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8
Q

Gastric emptying usually takes

A

2-6 hrs

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9
Q

Most digestion is completed by

A

The middle of the jejunum

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10
Q

Vitamins synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine and used by GI mucosal cells

A

Vitamin k
B12
Thiamine
Riboflavin

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11
Q

Pepsin

A

Enzyme in stomach that begins digestion of protein

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12
Q

Branched chain amino acids

A

Valine, leucine, isoleucine

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13
Q

Exercise releases what amino acid from muscle to be converted to glucose?

A

Alanine

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14
Q

Nitrogen balance equation (measures body equilibrium)

A

(protein intake g / 6.26) - [(urinary urea nitrogen +4) / urinary urea nitrogen]

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15
Q

Net protein utilization equation(determines quality of protein in foods)

A

(N intake - N output) / N intake

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16
Q

Essential amino acids

A

TV TILL PMH

threonine, valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, lycine, phenylalanine, methionine, histadine

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17
Q

Anabolism of protein: hormones

A

Pituitary growth hormone, thyroid, insulin, testosterone

18
Q

Protein catabolism: hormonal control

A

Glucocorticoids(adrenal steroids) - stimulate gluconeogenesis

19
Q

End products of fat metabolism

A

Monoglycerides
Dilglycerides
Glycerol
Fatty acids

20
Q

What fat products are absorbed directly into portal blood?

A

Glycerol

Short chained fatty acids

21
Q

What fat products are combined with Bile salts to form micelles?

A

Mono- and diglycerides
Long chained fatty acids
These are then bound to protein to form lipoproteins (chylomicron), penetrate intestinal mucosa, travel through lymph into the thoracic duct into the blood

22
Q

What is found in all cells and is important to cell structure? Some is absorbed with bile salts. Excreted by liver as bile

A

Cholesterol

23
Q

Enzyme that absorbed most cholesterol

A

Cholesterol esterase

24
Q

2 Metabolic activities of fat:

A

Lypogenesis - energy storage; adipose tissue and liver

Liver should not store fat - choline produce lipoproteins to transfer fatty acids out of the liver

25
Q

Lipogensis requires what substance from the pentose shunt?

A

NADPH

26
Q

Oxidation of fatty acids yields

A

Acetyl CoA - enters Krebs

27
Q

Hormones that cause lypolysis

A

Glucagon, growth hormone

Glucocorticoids, thyroxine, epinephrine, ACTH - increase rate of fat mobilization

28
Q

Hormone that causes lipogenesis

A

Insulin

29
Q

Uphill pumping from lower to higher concentration, across membrane against an energy gradient
Needs energy from ATP
Glucose, amino acids, Na,K,Mg,Ca,Fe

A

Active transport/ Sodium pump

30
Q

Higher to lower concentration
Intestine to blood and lymph
Some water and electrolytes use this method

A

Simple diffusion

31
Q

Carrier facilitated
Water soluble nutrients
Higher to lower concentration

A

Passive diffusion

32
Q

AIDS absorption of A

A

Bile salts
Pancreatic lipase
Fat

33
Q

AIDS absorption of D

A

Bile salts
Acidity of chyme
Accompanies Ca, P absorption

34
Q

Aids E,K absorption

A

Bile salts, fat

35
Q

Aids absorption of thiamin

A

Acid

36
Q

Aids absorption of riboflavin

A

Phosphorous

37
Q

Aids absorption of B12

A 
Ileum
Stomach secretions (HCL, Intrinsic factor)
38
Q

Aids calcium absorption

A

Acid
Vitamins D
Lactose

39
Q

Aids iron absorption

A

HCL

Calcium (binds oxalates)

40
Q

Central regulation of food intake

A

Hypothalamus gland

Nutrition Science (8 decks)

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