Drug formulations & routes of administration Flashcards
What do binders do in a drug formulation?
hold tablet together - cellulose, lactose, sorbitol
What do emulsifiers do in a drug formulation?
allow fat and water soluble to mix - lecithin
What do preservatives do in a drug formulation?
extend shelf life, change pH - citric acid, benzoates, methylparaben
What are the 2 options of dry formulations?
enteric coated - protection from acid environment of stomach
sustained release - slowly dissolve during GIT transit so have an effect for a long time
What is a solution?
drug dissolved in a liquid, does not settle out
What is a suspension?
drug suspended in a liquid, will settle out
How is the route of administration determined?
by the drug company based on; pH and chemical properties of the drug, particle size and formulation, how irritating to tissue
What are the different routes of administration?
oral = PO = per os
parenteral = injectable (IV, IM, SQ, IP)
topical = on the surface
What should you consider when choosing a route of administration?
- what route approved for
- speed of absorption required
- meat producing?
- temperament of animal
- convenience/ experience of administrator
- number of tx to be given
- local or systemic affect?
What are local oral medications?
stay in the gut and not absorbed systemically
What are the options for oral suspensions?
emulsions - suspended in fat or oil
syrups - suspended in sugar
elixers - suspended in sugar and alcohol
How can we administer parenteral medications?
IV, IM, SQ, IP (intra-peritoneal), IA (intra-arterial(accidental)), epidural, subconjunctival, intramedullary, IO, intra-cardiac
What are the options for parenteral formulations?
solutions, suspensions, emulsions
What are lipophilic drugs?
tend to be in a lipid carrier, diffuse more slowly to vessels so longer acting
Where should we inject young food producing animals?
Neck
