Drug-Drug Interactions

Question 1

drug-drug interaction: 1+1=2

Answer 1

additive

Question 2

drug-drug interaction: a+b=B

Answer 2

potentiate

Question 3

drug-drug interaction: 1+1=5

Answer 3

synergism

Question 4

drug-drug interaction: 1+1=0

Answer 4

antagonism

Question 5

drug-drug interaction: 1+1=z or -3 or 65

Answer 5

idosyncratic

Question 6

drug-drug interaction: 1+1=0.5

Answer 6

inhibitory

Question 7

pharmacokinetic interactions: absorption

Answer 7

pH
↑ or ↓ peristalsis
absorbent drugs

Question 8

pharmacokinetic interactions: distribution

Answer 8

protein binding

Question 9

pharmacokinetic interactions: metabolism

Answer 9

CYP450 pathways

Question 10

pharmacokinetic interactions: excretion

Answer 10

alter the filtration, reabsorption, or active secretion of drugs
p-glycoprotein
(↑ cardiac output leads to ↑ blood flow to the kidneys)

Question 11

how many of the 12 isoenzymes in CYP450 are responsible for the metabolism of most drugs

Answer 11

5

Question 12

three major types of drug-food interactions

Answer 12

GI distress, decreased absorption, increased absorption (especially with oral meds)

Question 13

MAOIs have an interaction with which type of foods?

Answer 13

tyramine rich foods (chocolate, beer, aged cheeses, pepperoni, salami, hot dogs, avocados, fava beans)

Question 14

Which fruit interacts with many drugs?

Answer 14

grapefruit!

calcium channel blockers, statins, transplant, SSRIs, versed

Question 15

time frame for drugs on an empty stomach

Answer 15

1 hour before or 2 hours after meal

Question 16

a secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment.

Answer 16

side effect

Question 17

any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modification of physiological function

Answer 17

adverse drug reaction

Question 18

ADR: excessive dosing

Answer 18

toxicity

Question 19

hepatotoxicity labs

Answer 19

• liver function tests

- s/s of hepatitis

Question 20

nephrotoxicity labs

Answer 20

BUN, creatinine, GFR

creatinine clearance

Question 21

bone marrow toxicity labs

Answer 21

monitor CBC

Question 22

cardiotoxicity monitoring

Answer 22

increased QT interval increases risk of dysrhythmias

Question 23

proportion of ADRs that are allergies

Answer 23

<10% (always occurs on later dosages – but in food supply, not dose related)

Question 24

key drugs with allergic reactions

Answer 24

penicillin, NSAIDs, Sulfa drugs

Question 25

unintended, unexpected response to a drug (like excitation with benadryl)

Answer 25

paradoxical effect

Question 26

drug effect that mimics a disease

Answer 26

iatrogenic disease

Question 27

s/s of withdrawal

Answer 27

• irritability
• shakiness
• brain fog
• sweating
• n/v

Question 28

birth defects when a drug is taken during gestation

Answer 28

teratogenic effect