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Pharmacotherapeutics > Antibiotics Intro > Flashcards

Antibiotics Intro Flashcards

Thanks Kol!

1
Q

3 kinds of anti-infectives

A
  1. antibiotics
  2. antiviral
  3. antifungal (fungus and yeast)
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2
Q

Bacteriocidal vs bacteriostatic

A 
bacteriocidal = drugs are LETHAL to bacteria at clinically achievable concentrations
bacteriostatic = drugs can SLOW bacterial growth but do not cause cell death
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3
Q

which is stronger? bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?

A

bacteriocidal

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4
Q

how are antibiotics grouped?

A

different MECHANISMS

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5
Q

antibiotics have ____ toxicity

A

selective

  • harmful to microbe
  • harmless to human host
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6
Q

what do you use with immunocompromised- bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?

A

bacteriocidal

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7
Q

2 times to use antibiotics

A
  1. prophylaxis

2. treatment of infection

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8
Q

times to use antibiotics prophylaxis

A
  1. pre surgery

2. special populations: heart valves, rheumatic fever, immunocompromised

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9
Q

when do you see antibiotics after surgery?

A

special issue like burst appendix

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10
Q

2 types of treatment with antibiotics

A
  1. empiric = treating someone on best guess

2. based on identification of specific organism

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11
Q

Steps to identifying bacteria

A
  1. gram + vs gram -
  2. shape (bacilli, cocci, spirilla)
  3. aerobic vs anaerobic
  4. culture and sensitivity
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12
Q

when do you take culture and sensitivity sample?

A

ideally before any anti-infectives taken

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13
Q

purpose of culture and sensitivity

A

identify the pathogen and identify which antibiotic are effective in killing the bacteria

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14
Q

anaerobic microorganisms

A
  • deep wounds, tissues and internal organs
  • abscess formation
  • tissue destruction
  • foul smelling pus
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15
Q

anaerobic microorganisms gram?

A

gram + or gram -

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16
Q

which is harder to treat? aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic

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17
Q

antibiotic selection steps

A

awaiting C&S - broad spectrum

C&S results back- narrow spectrum antibiotics

18
Q

what should nurse do if pt is on antibiotic not able to treat bacteria after seeing c&s results?

A

-call provider to switch

19
Q

host considerations for antibiotic selection (6)

A
  1. allergy
  2. ability to penetrate site
  3. immunocompromised patient
  4. foreign hardware in body
  5. age
  6. genetic factors
20
Q

allergy vs intolerance

A 
allergy = itching, rash, laryngeal edema 
intolerance = nausea
21
Q

minimum inhibitory concentration

A

minimum amount to provide bacterial inhibition (not death)

22
Q

antibiotic ability to penetrate site

A

meningitis (BBB)

abscess - brain and then treat

23
Q

foreign hardware and antibiotics

A

hip, knee, valves

  • body starts to attack foreign material
  • uses up phagocytes
  • -> give bacteriocidal not bacteriostatic
24
Q

Infants and antibiotics

A

infants are high risk of toxicity

25
Q

children and adolescents and antibiotics

A

certain drugs should not be used

26
Q

pregnancy/lactating

A

risk to mom and fetus

27
Q

older adults and antibiotics

A

heightened drug sensitivity

28
Q

genetic factors and antibiotics

A

-G6PD deficiency with use of sulfonamides

G6PD: condition in which red blood cells break down when the body is exposed to certain drugs or the stress of infection. It is hereditary, which means it is passed down in families.

29
Q

how do we know if an abx is working?

A

clinical response: reduction of signs/sxs/fever

labs response: reduction in WBC, peak/trough levels

30
Q

are cultures collected again after treatment?

A

generally NOT

31
Q

what leads to antibiotic resistance?

A
  1. agricultural/food use
  2. overprescribing
  3. taking improperly
  4. gene mutation- passing from other bacteria
32
Q

antibiotics don’t work for

A

colds, flus, vomiting,

most: coughs, ear infections, sore throats, diarrhea, cystitis

33
Q

antibiotics are needed for

A

pneumonia, UTI, sti (gonorrhea), sepsis, meningococcal meningitis

34
Q

4 resistant organisms

A
  1. MDRO (multi drug resistant)
  2. MRSA (methyl resistant staph aureas)
  3. VRE (vanc resistant)
  4. ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamase producers)
35
Q

how do we prevent resistant organisms spreading?

A

isolation precautions

36
Q

take away points/ patient ed

A
  1. only take abx when needed
  2. take full course
  3. cultures before administering
  4. probiotics
  5. assess for allergies before
37
Q

3 common abx side effects

A
  1. superinfection
  2. GI upset
  3. allergic reaction
38
Q

common abx supeeinfections

A

candidiasis

c diff

39
Q

GI distress and abx

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

40
Q

allergic reactions and abx- what do if allergic rxn

A
  • assess before and monitor after admin

- stop medication if suspected, check airway, call rapid, code start

41
Q

allergic rxn are not ____ dependent

A

dose

-a little bit can cause an allergic rxn

Pharmacotherapeutics (20 decks)

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