Drug Distribution, Metabolism & Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

define distribution

A

is the reversible transfer of drug to
and from the site of measurement

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2
Q

what is whole blood

A

blood outside the body with anticoagulant

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3
Q

what is serum

A

blood in a collecting cute without anticoagulant (allowed to clot for 20 mins)

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4
Q

what is the role of plasma protein binding

A

it removes the drug from free solution
- meaning the drug is no longer free to diffuse into the surrounding tissue

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5
Q

how does plasma protein binding aid absorption and transport of the drug

A

By keeping lipophilic drugs in solution

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6
Q

what is bioavailability

A

the extent to which a drug can overcome the barriers of absorption (including first pass metabolism) and enter the systematic circulation

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7
Q

what is the blood brain barrier (BBB)

A

tight junctions between endothelial cells and glial limitans, restrict access to cerebrospinal

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8
Q

what drugs can pass through the BBB

A

only lipid soluble drugs
water soluble drugs diffuse slower across the BBB than any other membrane barriers

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9
Q

what illness compromises BBB integrity

A

meningitis

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10
Q

how do drugs access a foetus

A

enters the maternal blood pool and diffuse into foetal capillaries

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11
Q

what is drug distribution to foetus’s limited by

A

lipid solubility and size

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12
Q

what does accumulation of drugs depend on

A

blood flow into the tissue

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13
Q

if free concentration is high

A

it shows that the dug is still in the blood not the tissue, and isn’t being properly distributed

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14
Q

what carries drugs through the bloodstream

A

albumin

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15
Q

what is an example of a Highly-perfused lean tissue group

A
  • blood cells
  • heart
  • lungs
  • liver
    -kidney
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16
Q

what is an example of a poorly-perfused lean tissue group

A
  • muscle
    -skin
17
Q

what is an example of a fat group

A
  • adipose tissue
  • bone marrow
18
Q

what is an example of a negligible -perfusion group

A
  • teeth
  • hair
  • bone
  • tendons
  • cartilage
19
Q

are Drugs with a high lipid/water partition coefficient fat soluble

A

yes very

20
Q

where do drugs with a high lipid/water partition coefficient tend to accumulate

A

in lipid or adipose (fat) tissue

21
Q

what is thiopental

A

is an induction anaesthetic, it is highly lipid soluble, delivered by
rapid iv infusion

22
Q

what is volume of distribution

A

the theoretical volume of plasma that would accommodate total drug amount at the measured plasma concentration

23
Q

how do you work out Vd (volume of distribution)

A

Vd = amount in body / concentration in blood

24
Q
A