Drug Cards- Week Six

Question 1

Dextrose 50%

Answer 1

Class: Carbohydrate and antihypoglycemic.
Action: Rapidly increase serum glucose levels; short term osmotic diuresis.
Indications: Hypoglycemia, ALOC, coma of unknown origin, seizure of unknown origin, status epilepticus.
Contraindications: Intracranial hemorrhage.
Side Effects: Tissue necrosis, cerebral hemorrhage or ischemia, pulmonary edema, hyperglycemia.
Dose: 12.5-25g, 0.5-1g/kg

Question 2

Diazepam

Valium

Answer 2

Class: Benzodiazepine, sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant.
Action: Potentiates effects of inhibitory neurotransmitters; Raises seizure threshold, induces amnesia and sedation.
Indications: Acute anxiety/agitation, acute alcohol withdrawal, muscle relaxant, seizure, sedation.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, narrow angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, head injury/coma, respiratory insufficiency.
Side Effects: Dizziness/drowsiness, headache, respiratory depression, hypotension, N/V, phlebitis, reflex tachy.
Dose: 5-10mg adults, 0.2-0.5mg/kg.

Question 3

Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 3

Class: Systemic hydrogen ion buffer, alkalizing agent.
Action: Buffers metabolic acidosis and lactic acid build up caused by anaerobic metabolism secondary to severe hypoxia.
Indications: Metabolic acidosis during cardiac arrest, tricyclic antidepressant/aspirin/phenobarbital OD, hyperkalemia, crush injuries.
Contraindications: Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis, hypokalemia, electrolyte imbalance due to vomiting/diarrhea.
Side Effects: Hypernatremia, metabolic alkalosis, cellulitis/necrosis, seizures, fluid retention, hypokalemia, sodium retention, peripheral edema.
Dose: 1meq/kg adults and peds.

Question 4

Succinylcholine Chloride

Anectine

Answer 4

Class: Neuromuscular blocker, depolarizing; skeletal muscle relaxant.
Action: Ultra short acting depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant that mimics acetylcholine as it binds with cholinergic receptors on the motor end plates.
Indications: RSI.
Contraindications: Acute narrow-angle glaucoma, penetrating eye injuries, malignant hyperthermia, multisystem trauma/major burns, inability to control airway or support ventilations.
Side Effects: Apnea, respiratory depression, dysrhythmia, cardiac arrest, salivation, Rhabdomyolysis, increased intraocular pressure, hyperkalemia in trauma pts.
Dose: 1-1.5mg/kg adults and peds.

Question 5

Terbutaline Sulfate

Brethine

Answer 5

Class: Beta 2 adrenergic agonist, bronchodilator.
Action: Selective Beta 2 adrenergic receptor activity resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle of the bronchial tree.
Indications: Bronchial asthma, reversible bronchospasm associated w/ exercise, chronic bronchitis, emphysema.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, tachydysrhythmias.
Side Effects: CNS stimulation, headache, seizure, restlessness, wheezing/coughing, tachy/bradycardia, ST wave changes, PACs/PVCs, CP.
Dose: 0.25mg adults only.