Drug Cards- Week Nine

Question 1

Lorazepam

Ativan

Answer 1

Class: Benzodiazepine, sedative, anticonvulsant.
Action: Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and sedative.
Indications: Initial control of status epilepticus or severe recurrent seizures; severe anxiety; sedation.
Contraindications: Glaucoma, coma, shock, suspected drug abuse.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, CNS depression, headache, sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia.
Dose: 2-4mg adults, 0.05-20mg/kg.

Question 2

Mannitol

Osmitrol

Answer 2

Class: Osmotic diuretic.
Action: Promotes the movement of fluid from intracellular space to the extracellular space; decreases cerebral edema and ICP; promotes urinary excretion of toxins.
Indications: Cerebal edema, reduce ICP, rhabdo, blood transfusion reactions.
Contraindications: Hypotension, pulmonary edema, dehydration, intracranial bleeding, CHF.
Side Effects: Headache, confusion, seizures, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, CP, CHF, dehydration.
Dose: 0.5-1mg/kg both.

Question 3

Meperidine Hydrochloride

Demerol

Answer 3

Class: Opioid analgesic.
Action: Synthetic opioid analgesic whose effects on the central nervous system and smooth muscle organs are similar to morphine.
Indications: Moderate to severe pain.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to narcotics, diarrhea, MAOIs, during labor, abdominal or head injury.
Side Effects: Seizures, confusion, sedation, dysphoria, hallucinations, increased ICP, hypotension, syncope, bradycardia.
Dose: 50-100mg adults, 1-2mg/kg.

Question 4

Metoprolol tartrate

Lopressor

Answer 4

Class: Beta blocker, anti hypertensive, antidysrhythmic.
Action: Decreases HR, conduction velocity, myocardial contractility and CO; controls ventricular response in SVT/A-Fib/A-Flutter; second after adenosine, diltiazem.
Indications: PSVT, a-flutter, a-fib, reduces ischemia/damage.
Contraindications: Heart failure, second-third degree AV block, 1st degree AV block with PRI > 0.24, SSS, shock, bradycardia.
Side Effects: Weakness, depression, bronchospasm, wheezing, CHF, AV blocks, hypotension, heart failure.
Dose: 5mg (up to 15mg).

Question 5

Midazolam hydrochloride

Versed

Answer 5

Class: Benzodiazepinez
Action: Reversibly interacts with gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors in the CND causing sedative/amnesic/hypnotic effects.
Indications: Sedation for medical procedures.
Contraindications: Glaucoma, shock, coma, alcohol intoxication, OD, depressed vital signs.
Side Effects: Headache, respiratory depression, apnea, hypotension, cardiac arrest, N/V.
Dose: 2-2.5mg adults, 0.1-.03mg/kg peds.