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Gastrointestinal (and Liver) > Drive - stomach > Flashcards

Drive - stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the stomach? (8)

A

Store and mix food

Dissolve and continue digestion

Regulate emptying into the duodenum

Kill microbes

Secrete intrinsic factor

Activate proteases

Lubrification

Mucosal protection

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2
Q

What are the 5 main types of cell found in the stomach?

A

Parietal cells,

Chief cells,

G cells

D cells

Enterochromaffin like cells (ECL)

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3
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

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4
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

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5
Q

What do G cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

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6
Q

What do D cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

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7
Q

What do Enterochromaffin like cells secrete?

A

Histamine

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8
Q

What is the function of gastrin?

A

Stimulate histamine secretion and stimulate HCl secretion

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9
Q

What is the function of ACh?

A

Stimulate histamine secretion and stimulate HCl secretion

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10
Q

What is the function of histamine?

A

Stimulate HCl secretion and increases in response to gastrin and HCl

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11
Q

What is the function of somatostatin?

A

Inhibit HCl secretion

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12
Q

What is the function of secretin?

A

Inhibit gastrin secretion

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13
Q

What is the function of CCK?

A

Inhibit HCl secretion

Promotes the flow of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder

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14
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

A breach in the mucosal surface

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15
Q

What are the 4 main protective mechanisms of gastric mucosa?

A

Alkaline mucus
Tight junctions between damaged cells
Replacement of damaged cells (stem cell population)
Feedback loops

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16
Q

How is pepsin produced?

A

Pepsinogen is produced by chief cells and released into the stomach lumen. Upon contact with the low pH (acidic conditions) pepsinogen is converted to pepsin. (Then acts as a positive feed back loop as it aids the cleavage of pepsinogen to pepsin)

17
Q

What is the empty stomach volume?

A

50ml

18
Q

When eating (/just after) what can volume can the stomach accommodate?

A

1.5L

19
Q

Where do peristaltic waves originate?

A

In the body of the stomach

20
Q

What does the closing of the pyloric sphincter cause?

A

The majority of the food contents are forced back towards the body of the stomach meaning there is more mixing (and thus digestion)

21
Q

What can cause an increase in the strength of contractions? (4)

A

Gastrin

Gastric distension

Decrease in sympathetic nervous system stimulation

Increase in parasympathetic nervous system stimulation

22
Q

What can cause a decrease in the strength of contractions? (6)

A

Duodenal dissension

Increase in duodenal fat

Increase in duodenal osmolarity

Decrease in duodenal pH

Increase in sympathetic nervous system stimulation

Decrease in parasympathetic nervous system stimulation

Gastrointestinal (and Liver) (13 decks)

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