Drive - liver Flashcards
What does the liver convert carbohydrates into?
Glucose
During which state is there a net uptake of glucose by the liver
The absorptive state
What does the liver convert glucose into?
Glycogen or alpha-glycerol phosphate or fatty acids
During what process is glucose converted into alpha-glycerol phosphate?
Reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (via glycolysis)
What are xenobiotics?
Foreign chemical substances not normally found or produced in the body which cannot be used for energy requirements
Through what can xenobiotics be absorbed?
Lungs, skin or ingested
Through what processes are xenobiotics removed from the body
Urine, sweat, breath.
What is a microsome?
A small particle consisting of a piece of endoplasmic reticulum to which ribosomes are attach.
What part of the duodenum does the bile enter in?
The junction between D2 and D3.
What type of enzyme are mainly used during phase 1 of detoxification of the liver?
Mainly microsomal enzymes
What type of enzyme are mainly used during phase 2 of detoxification of the liver?
Non-microsomal enzymes.
What is the aim of detoxification in the liver?
To transform the drug (xenobiotic) into less toxic/more water soluble form. So can be excreted in urine
What happens during phase 1 of detoxification in the liver? (2)
Oxidation and hydrolysis reactions
Add OH or SH groups
What happens during phase 2 of detoxification in the liver? (3)
Conjugation
Often involving adding glucuronic acid
Excreted in bile
Where are microsomal enzymes found?
On smooth endoplasmic reticulum - found in liver hepatocytes (can also be found in the kidneys and lungs).
