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Theo geology > Dr adesewa part > Flashcards

Dr adesewa part Flashcards

Theriogenology intro

1
Q

What is theriogenology

A

This is a branch of veterinary medicine that deal with reproduction, including the physiology and pathology of both male and female reproductive systems and clinical practice of veterinary obstetrics and gynaecology and semenology

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2
Q

What is veterinary gynaecology

A

The branch of veterinary medicine that deal with treatment of the female genitals tract

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3
Q

Veterinary obstetrics

A

The branch of veterinary medicine which deal with the necessary or advisable aid during the act of parturition in all animals coming under the preview of the veterinarian

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4
Q

OBSTETRICAL ANATOMY

A

Dorsally Sacrum
Laterally illium and part of ischium
Proximal VENTRALLY PUBIS
DISTALL VENTRALLY ISCHIUM

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5
Q

ILIUM

A

Largest portion

Irregular to triangular in shape

Broad part of ilium is known as wings
The medial portion of wings is called tiber sacrum while the exterior part to the wings is the tuber coxae or hip bone

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6
Q

The medial part of ilium

A

The medial part or pelvic surface of the ilium is smooth and is grooved for the obturator vessel and nerve

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7
Q

ISCHIUM

A

The ischium is next in size to the ilium and form the caudal part of the floor of the pelis

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8
Q

The caudal lateral portion of the ISCHIUM is referred to as

A

Tuber ischii

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9
Q

In which animal is the tiber ischii mostly cartilaginous and what age does it under go ankylosis

A

Pigs
6-7years

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10
Q

ISCHIUM anterior border

A

The anterior border forms the posterior boundary of the obturator foramen

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11
Q

Pubis

A

Smallest of the three bones of the os coxae and forms the cranial ventral part of the floor of the pelvis

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12
Q

What differentiate the male and female floor pelvic surface

A

The dorsal or pelvic surface is usually concave in females and convex in some males

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13
Q

What tendon attaches to the cranial medial border of the pubic bone

A

PREPUBIC TENDON

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14
Q

What forms the Acetabulum

A

Acetabulum is formed by the fusion of the ilium , ISCHIUM, and pubis
This bone form a cotyloid cavity in which thd head of femur lodges

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15
Q

What is round ligament

A

The round ligament is a short band between the head of the femur and the Acetabulum

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16
Q

Sacrum

A

Consist os a series of 5 fused vertebrae in the horse and ruminants
Four in Pigs
Three in carnivorous

Triangular in shape and articulate anterior with the last lumber and posterior with the coccygeal

In time fuses in old cows

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17
Q

Pelvic ligament and attachment

A

Sacrosciatic ligament
Dorsal and lateral sacroiliac ligament
PREPUBIC TENDON
Coxofemoral ariticulation

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18
Q

Outline the female genitalia outward – IN

A

Vulva
Clitoris
Hymen
Vestibule
Vaginal
Cervix
Uterus (uterine body)
Uterine horn
Ampulla
Isthmus
Infundibulum
Ovaries

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19
Q

Ovaries

A

They are consider the prime reproductive organs in the female
Because they produce gamate (the ovum) and female sex hormones

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20
Q

Ovary anatomy

A

Ovary is made up of the Outer cortex (with numerous follicle developments) and corpora lutum
Interstitial cells
Stroma element

Inner medulla
Made up of primary blood suppl and nerve supplies

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21
Q

What are the structure found in the ovary

A

Follicles
Corpus haemorrhagicum
Corpus luteum
Corpus albicans

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22
Q

What are the nerve and blood supply to the ovary

A

Blood supply : ovarian artery
Nerve supply : automated nerve from the ovarian plexus that arises from the renal and aortic plexus

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23
Q

Factors that influence the size of the ovaries

A

Age
Structure present on the ovaries
Corpus luteum or follicle

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24
Q

Oviduct

A

Pair of convoluted tubules extending from the ovaries to the uterian horn

Function: transport of sperm and ovum which travel in different direction
Site of fertilization and early division of the embryo

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25
Q

Parts of the oviduct

A

Ampulla: sperm reserve point
Isthmus middle part as well as longest part
INFUNDIBULUM: Funnel shaped holds the ovaries

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26
Q

What is puerperium

A

The period from the end of the 3 rd stage of labour till completion of uterine involution

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27
Q

What attaches to the wings of the illum

A

Dorsally the wings of the illum in the horse , cow , pig and sheep is concave and provides attachment for gluteal and back muscles

28
Q

What forms the ischial arch

A

The caudal border of the ischium slopes inward and. Forward to join with opposite ISCHIUM bone to form the ISHIAL ARCH

29
Q

Pin bone

A

The caudo lateral portion of these bone are called the tuber ischi or pin bone

30
Q

Uterus

A

This is a muscular membranous structure for the reception of the fertilized ovum for the nutrition and protection of the foetus and initial stage of its expulsion at parturition

31
Q

There are four basic types of uteri

A

Bicornuate
Duplex
Simple
Bipartite

32
Q

What is PLACENTATION

A

The union between the endometrium and extra embryonic membranes

33
Q

Blood supply to thc uterus

A

Middle uterine artery,
Utero- ovarian artery and branch of internal pudendal artery, supply the uterus

34
Q

Nerve supply to the uterus

A

The sympathetic fibres from the lumber and lower thoracic nerve, uterine and pelvic plexus

35
Q

The ischiatic spine is prominent in which animal

A

Sow and cow

36
Q

Pelvic symphysis

A

The ischial and pubic bones fuses to for pelvic symphysis

37
Q

Sacrosciatic ligament

A

it’s a extensive quadrilateral ligamentous sheath that completes the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity. The ligaments extends from the lateral border of the sacrum and transverse process of the first 2 coccygeal vertebrae to the ischial spine and tuber ishii, it furnishes attachment for the large gluteal muscles and vulva.

38
Q

Dorsal and lateral sacroiliac ligament

A

they are attached to the medial wing of the ilium and lateral portion of the sacrum, and summits of the spinal spines. It’s a very firm and rigid articulation. Its further maintained and supported by the sacro-sciatic ligament and prepubic tendon

39
Q

PREPUBIC TENDON

A

This is the tendon of insertion of the recti abdominis muscles, except the tranverse abdominis muscles. It’s attached strongly to the cranial border of the pelvic bone.

40
Q

Coxofemoral ariticulation

A

Coxofemoral articulations: This is a ball and socket joint of the head of femur, fitting into the acetabulum fossa, made deeper by the cotyloid ligaments which crosses the acetabular notch. The round ligament extends from the subpuvic groove in the acetabulum to the head of the femur and it is intra-articular in occasional cases. These ligaments maybe small or absent.

41
Q

Function of the sacrosciatic ligament

A

They furnish attachments for the vulva and gluteal muscles

Prevent the posterior portion of the pelvis or ischia from rescinding from the sacrum.

Form a strong, flexible & yielding wall to the pelvic cavity.

Under pressure of parturition, they yield sufficiently to allow the constricted pelvic outlet to equal in dimensions the larger bony inlet of the pelvis.

42
Q

What is sacrosciatic ligament also called in dogs

A

in dogs, this ligament is called sacrotuberous ligament and it’s a narrow band extending from the caudal part of the lateral margin of the sacrum to the tuber ischii

43
Q

What is the shape of the Pelvic inlet

A

The pelvic inlet is somewhat oval in shape in all species with the largest diameter being sacropubic, the size of the pelvic inlet varies greatly within species due to breed, age and size.

44
Q

In what animal is the PREPUBIC TENDON important in

A

The prepubic tendon is important in herbivores, especially in the mare, where it sometimes rupture during advanced pregnancy resulting in a hernia of the gravid uterus and a destruction of the normal relationship of the pelvis to the spinal column

45
Q

The increased frequency of hip joint or coxofemoral dislocation in the cow is due to;

A

Shallowness of the acetabulum

Lack of bulky muscles around the joint

The small or occasionally absent round ligament

Absence of the accessory ligament

Excessive relaxation of the pelvic ligaments in advanced pregnancy and in animals with cystic ovaries

The large size and weight of the abdomen in advanced pregnancy and in dropsy conditions of the foetal membranes, e.g. hydrops allantois.
The awkward gait

46
Q

What species of animals has Almond shaped ovaries

A

Cow and ewe

47
Q

What species of animals has berry shaped ovary

48
Q

What species of animals has kidney shaped ovaries

49
Q

What species of animals has the oval slightly flattened ovary

A

Bitch, Cat

50
Q

What species of animals has shape of matured corpus luteum
Spheroid or ovoid

A

Cow , Ewe, sow

51
Q

What species of animals has shape of matured corpus luteum spheroid

A

Bitch, Cat

52
Q

What species of animals has shape of matured corpus luteum pear shaped

53
Q

What species of animals has type Bicornuate

A

Cow , Ewe, Sow,Bitch, Cat

54
Q

What species of animals has uterus type Bipartite

55
Q

What species of animals has Hymen ill - defined

A

Cow, Sow,Bitch, Cat

56
Q

What species of animals has Hymen well developed

57
Q

Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped
2-5 Annular rings

58
Q

Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped
Annular rings

59
Q

Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped
Corkscrew -like

60
Q

Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped conspicuous folds

61
Q

Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped
Irregular

A

Bitch and Cat

62
Q

Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles
70-120
Caruncles

63
Q

Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles
88-96
Caruncles

64
Q

Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles
Slightly longitudinal

65
Q

Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles
Conspicuous longitudinal folds

66
Q

Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles
Longitudinal folds

A

Bitch, Cat

Theo geology (11 decks)

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