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Theriogenology intro

1
Q

What is theriogenology

A

This is a branch of veterinary medicine that deal with reproduction, including the physiology and pathology of both male and female reproductive systems and clinical practice of veterinary obstetrics and gynaecology and semenology

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2
Q

What is veterinary gynaecology

A

The branch of veterinary medicine that deal with treatment of the female genitals tract

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3
Q

Veterinary obstetrics

A

The branch of veterinary medicine which deal with the necessary or advisable aid during the act of parturition in all animals coming under the preview of the veterinarian

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4
Q

OBSTETRICAL ANATOMY

A

Dorsally Sacrum
Laterally illium and part of ischium
Proximal VENTRALLY PUBIS
DISTALL VENTRALLY ISCHIUM

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5
Q

ILIUM

A

Largest portion

Irregular to triangular in shape

Broad part of ilium is known as wings
The medial portion of wings is called tiber sacrum while the exterior part to the wings is the tuber coxae or hip bone

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6
Q

The medial part of ilium

A

The medial part or pelvic surface of the ilium is smooth and is grooved for the obturator vessel and nerve

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7
Q

ISCHIUM

A

The ischium is next in size to the ilium and form the caudal part of the floor of the pelis

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8
Q

The caudal lateral portion of the ISCHIUM is referred to as

A

Tuber ischii

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9
Q

In which animal is the tiber ischii mostly cartilaginous and what age does it under go ankylosis

A

Pigs
6-7years

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10
Q

ISCHIUM anterior border

A

The anterior border forms the posterior boundary of the obturator foramen

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11
Q

Pubis

A

Smallest of the three bones of the os coxae and forms the cranial ventral part of the floor of the pelvis

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12
Q

What differentiate the male and female floor pelvic surface

A

The dorsal or pelvic surface is usually concave in females and convex in some males

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13
Q

What tendon attaches to the cranial medial border of the pubic bone

A

PREPUBIC TENDON

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14
Q

What forms the Acetabulum

A

Acetabulum is formed by the fusion of the ilium , ISCHIUM, and pubis
This bone form a cotyloid cavity in which thd head of femur lodges

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15
Q

What is round ligament

A

The round ligament is a short band between the head of the femur and the Acetabulum

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16
Q

Sacrum

A

Consist os a series of 5 fused vertebrae in the horse and ruminants
Four in Pigs
Three in carnivorous

Triangular in shape and articulate anterior with the last lumber and posterior with the coccygeal

In time fuses in old cows

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17
Q

Pelvic ligament and attachment

A

Sacrosciatic ligament
Dorsal and lateral sacroiliac ligament
PREPUBIC TENDON
Coxofemoral ariticulation

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18
Q

Outline the female genitalia outward – IN

A

Vulva
Clitoris
Hymen
Vestibule
Vaginal
Cervix
Uterus (uterine body)
Uterine horn
Ampulla
Isthmus
Infundibulum
Ovaries

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19
Q

Ovaries

A

They are consider the prime reproductive organs in the female
Because they produce gamate (the ovum) and female sex hormones

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20
Q

Ovary anatomy

A

Ovary is made up of the Outer cortex (with numerous follicle developments) and corpora lutum
Interstitial cells
Stroma element

Inner medulla
Made up of primary blood suppl and nerve supplies

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21
Q

What are the structure found in the ovary

A

Follicles
Corpus haemorrhagicum
Corpus luteum
Corpus albicans

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22
Q

What are the nerve and blood supply to the ovary

A

Blood supply : ovarian artery
Nerve supply : automated nerve from the ovarian plexus that arises from the renal and aortic plexus

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23
Q

Factors that influence the size of the ovaries

A

Age
Structure present on the ovaries
Corpus luteum or follicle

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24
Q

Oviduct

A

Pair of convoluted tubules extending from the ovaries to the uterian horn

Function: transport of sperm and ovum which travel in different direction
Site of fertilization and early division of the embryo

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25
Parts of the oviduct
Ampulla: sperm reserve point Isthmus middle part as well as longest part INFUNDIBULUM: Funnel shaped holds the ovaries
26
What is puerperium
The period from the end of the 3 rd stage of labour till completion of uterine involution
27
What attaches to the wings of the illum
Dorsally the wings of the illum in the horse , cow , pig and sheep is concave and provides attachment for gluteal and back muscles
28
What forms the ischial arch
The caudal border of the ischium slopes inward and. Forward to join with opposite ISCHIUM bone to form the ISHIAL ARCH
29
Pin bone
The caudo lateral portion of these bone are called the tuber ischi or pin bone
30
Uterus
This is a muscular membranous structure for the reception of the fertilized ovum for the nutrition and protection of the foetus and initial stage of its expulsion at parturition
31
There are four basic types of uteri
Bicornuate Duplex Simple Bipartite
32
What is PLACENTATION
The union between the endometrium and extra embryonic membranes
33
Blood supply to thc uterus
Middle uterine artery, Utero- ovarian artery and branch of internal pudendal artery, supply the uterus
34
Nerve supply to the uterus
The sympathetic fibres from the lumber and lower thoracic nerve, uterine and pelvic plexus
35
The ischiatic spine is prominent in which animal
Sow and cow
36
Pelvic symphysis
The ischial and pubic bones fuses to for pelvic symphysis
37
Sacrosciatic ligament
it’s a extensive quadrilateral ligamentous sheath that completes the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity. The ligaments extends from the lateral border of the sacrum and transverse process of the first 2 coccygeal vertebrae to the ischial spine and tuber ishii, it furnishes attachment for the large gluteal muscles and vulva.
38
Dorsal and lateral sacroiliac ligament
they are attached to the medial wing of the ilium and lateral portion of the sacrum, and summits of the spinal spines. It’s a very firm and rigid articulation. Its further maintained and supported by the sacro-sciatic ligament and prepubic tendon
39
PREPUBIC TENDON
This is the tendon of insertion of the recti abdominis muscles, except the tranverse abdominis muscles. It’s attached strongly to the cranial border of the pelvic bone.
40
Coxofemoral ariticulation
Coxofemoral articulations: This is a ball and socket joint of the head of femur, fitting into the acetabulum fossa, made deeper by the cotyloid ligaments which crosses the acetabular notch. The round ligament extends from the subpuvic groove in the acetabulum to the head of the femur and it is intra-articular in occasional cases. These ligaments maybe small or absent.
41
Function of the sacrosciatic ligament
They furnish attachments for the vulva and gluteal muscles Prevent the posterior portion of the pelvis or ischia from rescinding from the sacrum. Form a strong, flexible & yielding wall to the pelvic cavity. Under pressure of parturition, they yield sufficiently to allow the constricted pelvic outlet to equal in dimensions the larger bony inlet of the pelvis.
42
What is sacrosciatic ligament also called in dogs
in dogs, this ligament is called sacrotuberous ligament and it’s a narrow band extending from the caudal part of the lateral margin of the sacrum to the tuber ischii
43
What is the shape of the Pelvic inlet
The pelvic inlet is somewhat oval in shape in all species with the largest diameter being sacropubic, the size of the pelvic inlet varies greatly within species due to breed, age and size.
44
In what animal is the PREPUBIC TENDON important in
The prepubic tendon is important in herbivores, especially in the mare, where it sometimes rupture during advanced pregnancy resulting in a hernia of the gravid uterus and a destruction of the normal relationship of the pelvis to the spinal column
45
The increased frequency of hip joint or coxofemoral dislocation in the cow is due to;
Shallowness of the acetabulum Lack of bulky muscles around the joint The small or occasionally absent round ligament Absence of the accessory ligament Excessive relaxation of the pelvic ligaments in advanced pregnancy and in animals with cystic ovaries The large size and weight of the abdomen in advanced pregnancy and in dropsy conditions of the foetal membranes, e.g. hydrops allantois. The awkward gait
46
What species of animals has Almond shaped ovaries
Cow and ewe
47
What species of animals has berry shaped ovary
Sow
48
What species of animals has kidney shaped ovaries
Mare
49
What species of animals has the oval slightly flattened ovary
Bitch, Cat
50
What species of animals has shape of matured corpus luteum Spheroid or ovoid
Cow , Ewe, sow
51
What species of animals has shape of matured corpus luteum spheroid
Bitch, Cat
52
What species of animals has shape of matured corpus luteum pear shaped
Mare
53
What species of animals has type Bicornuate
Cow , Ewe, Sow,Bitch, Cat
54
What species of animals has uterus type Bipartite
Mare
55
What species of animals has Hymen ill - defined
Cow, Sow,Bitch, Cat
56
What species of animals has Hymen well developed
Ewe, Mare
57
Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped 2-5 Annular rings
Cow
58
Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped Annular rings
Ewe
59
Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped Corkscrew -like
Sow
60
Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped conspicuous folds
Mare
61
Which species of animals has their cervical lumen shaped Irregular
Bitch and Cat
62
Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles 70-120 Caruncles
Cow
63
Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles 88-96 Caruncles
Ewe
64
Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles Slightly longitudinal
Sow
65
Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles Conspicuous longitudinal folds
Mare
66
Which species of animals has their Number of Caruncles Longitudinal folds
Bitch, Cat

Theo geology (16 decks)

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