Dosage forms + Methods of Drug Administration Flashcards
a compressed feed material that contains an active ingredient such as anthelmintic, surfactant (for bloat prevention), or a nutritional supplement and is commonly packaged in cardboard box
medicated block
a solid dosage form in which an active ingredient, such as a coccidiostat, production enhancer, or nutritional supplement is formulated with excipients. This is mixed homogeneously with feed at rates that range from a few milligrams to 200 g/ton of feed.
Premix
sometimes called pellets are a modification of powders which have
been lumped together to improved solubility or mask unpleasant taste
granules
meant for continuous absorption of medical substances by the body
and for this the pellets are inserted inside the body
implants
are gelatin shells which may be filled with solids (hard shells) or liquids (soft shells) drugs. Most convenient form for oral administration
Capsules
are large tablets intended for oral or intrauterine administration
boluses
are generally defined as medicated solid masses of various sizes and
shapes
tablets
mixtures of drugs in dry powder form intended for internal or external use
powders
are semisolid medications melting or softening at body temperature for insertion into a certain body orifices of the body (rectal, urethreal, etc.)
suppositories
a semisolid preparation used topically to carry medicaments intended to alleviate and inflamed area, supplying any or of the
following: drugs, heat, and moisture
Poultices (cataplasms)
are often used interchangeably with creams, immiscible with water,
emollient in action by forming an occlusive film which prevents escape of
moisture from the skin to the environment and are indicated for dry lessons
ointments
are concentrated aqueous solutions of sugar with flavoring only (for use as vehicle) or with flavoring and medicinal ingredients, They have never been to practical use except for medication in dogs
Syrups
usually sterile suspensions in fluid or semi fluid vehicle. Strict adherence to label instructions and withdrawal times is essential
intramammary injections
are semi-solid emulsions of polyethylene glycols, water miscible and
are indicated on weeping lesions
cream
sterile pharmaceutical liquids or suspensions intended for parenteral
administration by various routes
injections
are usually topically applied aerosols elsewhere the medicament is force out with a propellant mixture of gases
sprays
solutions carrying medicament intended for ophthalmic and otic administration
drops
dispersion of liquid droplets in a second immiscible liquid brought about by adding an emulsifying agent. Example: soaps, cholesterol egg yolk
emulsions
suspensions of a powder dispersed in water and administered orally
drenches
preparations intended for dilution with water to make an insecticidal wash in which animals may be completely immersed in order to kill ectoparasites or to prevent reinfestation
dips
are liquid preparations intended for application to the skin of mucus
surfaces possessing antiseptic, astringent, caustic or analgesic properties
paints
an oily or greasy solution mixtures or various substances intended
for external applications. Much benefit is derived from massage during
application
liniments
can be solutions, suspensions or emulsions and are nearly always
applied topically to the skin and occasionally to the eye. Inclusion of alcohol
hastens its drying and cooling effect while inclusion of glycerin keeps the skin
moist for a considerable time
lotion
any preparation with one more substances dissolved in liquid solvent. Ideally it should be chemically stable, non irritating, brilliantly clear and free from microorganisms. Examples: topical, parental and ophthalmic solutions
solutions
alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of drugs made by extraction of
crude drugs, solution of chemicals or dilution of fluid extract
tinctures
are liquid preparations where the solute is not dissolved in the vehicle but is suspended throughout the vehicle by the use of suspending agent which usually increases the viscosity of the vehicle
suspensions
Give 3 intravaginal delivery systems
- Controlled internal drug release ( CIDR) devices
- Progesterone releasing intravaginal devices (PRID)
- Vaginal sponges
most common route of drug administration using solid, liquid
or semi liquid forms of drugs, In dogs, cats, and poultry; tablets or pills can be
placed directly at the base of the tongue while applying pressure ate the side
of the mouth to keep it open while administering the drug
Oral Administration
introduced directly underneath the skin by injection
Subcutaneous Injection
common sites employed when injecting subcutaneous
a. loose skin at the dorsal thoracic or neck
area
b. abdomen
c. fold near the forelimbs and the hind limbs
intravenous injection sites recommended for dogs
cephalic, saphenous and jugular vein
intravenous injection sites recommended for pigs
anterior vena cava
intravenous injection sites recommended for rats
tail vein
intravenous injection sites recommended for poultry
wing vein
Recommended intramuscular injection site for large animals such as cattle and horses
neck muscles
drug is injected into the peritoneal cavity where absorption is rapid
intraperitoneal
This can be facilitated by inserting a rubber tubing attached to a syringe
or a French catheter rectally at approximately 2 – 3 inches.
rectal administration
Give example(s) of a solution.
Dormosedan, baytril
Give example(s) of a tincture
tincture of iodine, triodine 7
Give example(s) of a suspension
metronidazole, zycortal suspension
Give example(s) of a lotion
neovax (anti-flammatory)
Give example(s) of a liniment
Absorbine Veterinary Liniment Gel For Horses, mineral ice
Give example(s) of a paints
log paints
Give example(s) of a drenches
phenothiazine drench
Give example(s) of an emulsions
soaps, cholesterol, egg yolk
Give example(s) of drops
eye - tolfenamic acid
- gentamicin sulfate
ear - otiderm
Give example(s) of a spray
gentian violet
Give example(s) of an intramammary injection
lineomam LC
Give example(s) of a medicated block
mineral block, salt block
