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b.VPHARM 311 > ... > Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of the processes and factors which
determines the amount of drugs at the sites of action at various
times between the application or administration of drugs in the
body and their elimination from the body

A

Pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

study of how drugs produce effects on living
organisms. Studies the mechanism and site of action of drugs

A

Pharmacodynamics

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3
Q

the art and science of preparing, compounding, and
dispensing of drugs

A

pharmacy

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4
Q

Define Pharmacognosy.

A

study of the source of drugs

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5
Q

Define Posology.

A

study of drug dosages

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6
Q

What is Metrology.

A

A subdivision of Pharmacy which study the weights and measures of drugs.

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7
Q

What are the scopes of Pharmacokinetics?

A

It studies the movement of drugs in the body including the process of
absorption, distribution, localization in tissues, biotransformation and excretion.

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8
Q

Refers to where and how the effect is produced.

A

Drug action

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9
Q

It is the change the drug produces in an individual that can be
perceived and measured.

A

Drug Effect

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10
Q

when the interaction of drugs with receptor molecules produces perceptible changes in the function of an organism

A

Specific Drug Action

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11
Q

What is the difference of Non-specific drug action from Specific drug action?

A

Non specific drug action drugs bind to molecules in some sites
in the body and do not produce any perceptible effect.

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12
Q

Acetylcholine binds to Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors is an example of Drug action or Drug effect?

A

drug action

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13
Q

true or False.

Acetylcholine- stimulation of smooth muscles of the viscera,
increased secretion of smooth muscles is an example of drug effect.

A

True

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14
Q

Give three examples of pharmacological effects.

A
  1. Ingestion of too much water which leads to cell swelling.
  2. Overdoes of insulin causes hypoglycemia.
  3. Ingestion of oranges makes the animal more resistant to diseases
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15
Q

True or False.

Pharmacological effect is when food and hormones are given in proper amounts, promote and
maintain normal body functions.

A

It is Physiological effects.

Pharmacological effects is a drug induced change in organism.

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16
Q

Foods and hormones are not drugs but when administered in excess may
produce exaggerated effects. This an example of what effect?

A

Pharmacological

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17
Q

effect that maintains normal body functions

A

physiological effect

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18
Q

study of harmful effects of drugs

A

toxicology

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19
Q

study of the application of drugs for use in
the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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20
Q

identification of substances in suspected cases of
poisoning with the aim of solving a chemical problem

A

forensic

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21
Q

A category of Pharma which is the study of basic mechanism of drug action
on biological systems

A

molecular pharmacology

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22
Q

concerned with the rational development,
effective use, and proper evaluation of drugs for the diagnosis,
prevention and cure of diseases

A

clinical pharmacology

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23
Q

concerned with drugs as they are used in the diagnosis, treatment of animal diseases, and in the intentional
alteration of animal physiology

A

veterinary pharmacology

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24
Q

tendency of a drug to combine with its specific receptor

A

affinity

25
Q

inherent capacity of a drug to produce a response by itself

A

efficacy

26
Q

a drug that does not have intrinsic activity but binds with
specific receptors

A

antagonist

27
Q

a drug having both agonistic and antagonistic properties

A

dualist

28
Q

cannot produce an effect except in the presence of an agonist

A

competitive agonist

29
Q

inhibits the action of an agonist by binding at a site other than the receptor

A

non competitive agonist

30
Q

a function of the drug’s affinity for the receptor, absorption, excretion,
degradation rates

A

potency

31
Q

indicates the range of dosage over which the drug acts, from minimally
detectable to maximally effective

A

slope

32
Q

What are the three features of the dose response curve?

A

potency, slope, variability

33
Q

when one of the two drugs has zero intrinsic activity

A

potentiation

34
Q

effect of a drug combination is greater than the separate effects
of the individual drugs

A

synergism

35
Q

the study of the rate of change from the initial state to the final state of a substance

A

Kinetics

35
Q

the combined effect of the drugs is equal to the sum of their
individual effect

A

additive effect

36
Q

a constant percentage of the drug remaining in the site of
administration is absorbed

A

first order kinetics

37
Q

the actual amount of drug absorbed per unit time is the same regardless of how much of the drug remains in the site

A

zero order kinetics

38
Q

the time it takes for a drug concentration to be reduced to 50% its
initial concentration

A

half-life

39
Q

total quantity of drug absorbed intact

A

bioavailability

40
Q

Drug action is terminated by? (3)

A

excretion, biotransformation, redistribution of sequestration

41
Q

refers to the biochemical processes affecting the pharmacological activity of drugs and other substances

A

biotransformation

42
Q

reduction of drug activity

A

detoxification

43
Q

normal anabolic and metabolic reactions

A

metabolism

44
Q

Organ where the most important site of drug biotransformation in the body, but
biotransformation also occurs in other organs including the intestinal mucosa,
lungs, and kidneys.

A

liver

45
Q

generally less active than the parent compound if not totally
inactive

A

metabolites

46
Q

the process of transforming and inactive or less active compound to a more active metabolite but the resulting does not always cause
death

A

lethal synthesis

47
Q

most important means of eliminating drugs from body

A

urine and bile

48
Q

four reactions in the biotransformation of drugs by enzymes

A

oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation

49
Q

complex of proteins and heme which are located in the SER

A

microsomal enzymes (cytochrome P-40 or mixed function oxidases)

50
Q

when injected into the circulation stays confined to the cardiovascular system

A

evan’s blue or I-albumin

51
Q

freely diffuses out of blood vessels but does not enter the cells

A

Inulin or EDTA

52
Q

readily crosses all epithelial barriers used to measure total body fluid volume

A

isotopic water or antipyrine

53
Q

extracellular fluids but enclosed within epithelial tissues

A

transcellular fluid volume

54
Q

difference between ECF and plasma
volume

A

interstitial fluid volume

55
Q

difference between total body fluid and ECF

A

intracellular fluid volume

56
Q

Its volume of distribution therefore is equal to the plasma volume.

A

evan’s blue or I-albumin

57
Q

synovial, intraocular, cerebrospinal, peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural fluids are examples of

A

transcellular fluids

b.VPHARM 311 (13 decks)

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