(DONE) Week 8 Lab Manual 20+21

Question 1

define: reflex

Answer 1

automatic response to a stimuli

Question 2

reflex arc

• components (5)
• what happens?

Answer 2

• Receptor (muscle spindle)
• Afferent (sensory) neuron
• Integrating Centre (spinal cord)
• Efferent (motor) neuron (both alpha and gamma)
• Effector (muscle contraction)

Muscle spindle senses stretch, initiates signal down sensory (afferent) neuron, integrated in spinal cord, stimulating both alpha (extrafusal) and gamma (intrafusal) efferent motor neuron stimulation and muscle contraction.

Question 3

Explain the tendon tap reflex/ knee jerk reflex

Answer 3

• the tendon in the quadricep muscle is tapped and the muscle stretches;
• muscle spindles respond to the stretch and increase action potential frequency. The afferent axons from spindles make connections with motor neurons in the spinal cord and the efferent axon makes connections with the muscle.
• Increase in number of action potentials in afferent axons make motor neurons fire action potentials, which excite and contract the stretched muscle.

Question 4

List the 4 reflex tests we’ll do in lab

Answer 4

• patellar reflex
• direct light (pupillary) reflex
• consensual light reflex
• determination of eye preference

Question 5

what is the purpose of the knowledge of results and the bilateral transfer of skills lab?

Answer 5

• evaluate process involved with learning and performing a motor skill

Question 6

define: learning curve/ performance curve

Answer 6

• performance score over time

Question 7

What is the strongest + most important variable impacting performance and learning?

Answer 7

• knowledge of results and feedback

Question 8

List the equipment used in the knowledge of results test (3)

Answer 8

• linear arm positioning apparatus
• blindfold
• stopwatch

Question 9

Define: transfer of learning

Answer 9

existence of pre established habit has influence upon acquisition of second habit

Question 10

Define: bilateral transfer of skills

Answer 10

skill performance in one appendage is positively influenced by experience in opposite appendage (hand to hand or foot to foot)

Question 11

List the equipment for the bilateral transfer of skills test (2).

Answer 11

• mirror star trace apparatus

- stopwatch

Question 12

Which hand do you test first in the bilateral transfer of skills test?

Answer 12

• non dominant hand

Question 13

How do you calculate the score for the bilateral transfer of skills test

Answer 13

• time + (error x 2)

Question 14

For your bilateral transfer of skills graph, what line should you use?

Answer 14

• best fit physiological line