DONE: Supporting The Child's Development Flashcards
Three stages characterize a child’s response to separation an adjustment to hospitalization.
- Acute distress. Short term separation.
> _________ - Passive stage of despair if parents do not return after an extended amount of time.
> _________ - Detachment from primary relationship. Child responds to parents with cool indifference.
> _________
- Protest Stage
- Despair Stage
- Denial Stage
Children and youth with developmental _______ will experience hospitalization according to their development stage rather than their chronological age. We must balance developmental and chronological age considerations with each child’s unique sense of self.
disabilities
Normal Characteristics:
Developed numerous skills and rolled in school, home, and in the outside world of their peers.
Comparison with peers is increasingly important.
A negative evaluation of one’s self compared to others is particularly damaging at this time.
Increased language skills.
Interest in acquiring knowledge.
Improved concept of time.
Increased self-control.
Striving for industry.
What developmental stage is this child in?
School age
6-12
Normal Characteristics:
Learning about the basic trustworthiness of their environment.
If they receive attention and affection and are handled in a reasonably consistent manner they form a global impression of a trustworthy and secure world.
If the world is inconsistent, painful, stressful, and threatening, they learned to expect more of the same and believe life is unpredictable and untrustworthy.
Develop attachment to parent a primary caregiver.
Stranger anxiety.
Sensorimotor phase of learning. (Learning by senses and motor.)
Developing increased muscle control.
Memory of past experience.
Begin simple imitation.
What developmental stage is this child in?
Infant
0-12 months
Normal Characteristics:
They discover how the world works and how they can affect it.
Explore beyond themselves.
World consists of both real and imaginary people and things.
If their explorations, projects, and activities are generally effective, they learn to deal with things and people in a constructive way and gain a strong sense of initiative.
If criticized severely or punished, they learn to feel guilty for many of their actions.
Egocentric believe the world revolves around them. Increased language skills.
Concept of time and frustration tolerance still limited.
Striving for initiative.
What developmental stage is this child in?
Preschooler
3-5 years
Normal Characteristics:
Fitting in and being part of a peer group.
Sense of self-worth.
Insecurities about physical and sexual development are common.
Increasingly capable of abstract thought and reasoning.
Concerned more with present than future. Strive for independence.
What developmental stage is this child in?
Adolescents
13-17
Response To Extended Hospitalization:
May cause the child to be deprived of appropriate stimulation and the development of normal relationships.
What developmental stage is this child in?
Infants
Normal Characteristics:
Discovering their own bodies and how to control them. Explore feeding, dressing, toileting, and new ways to move around. When they succeed they gain self-confidence and self control but if they feel continually and are punished or labeled messy, sloppy, inadequate, or bad, they learn to feel shame and self doubt.
What developmental stage is this child in?
Toddler
1-3 years
Response To Hospitalization:
Concerns about separation continue to predominate.
Fears about bodily injury and mutilation.
Illness and hospitalization viewed as punishment.
When the child goes for surgery he may fear he will emerge a different person.
Fantasy is initiated by even the most well intended and meaningful statements.
Lacking realistic knowledge about bodily processes, they develop highly personal and an accurate explanations about illness or injury. Magical view of illness.
Death comes as a retaliation for being bad, is not permanent.
They continue to live, may be confused with separation and sleep.
What developmental stage is this child in?
Preschooler
3-5 years
Response To Hospitalization:
Generally better able to cope with hospitalization, they can usually understand why hospitalization is necessary.
Fears about needles and being operated on. Concern regarding anesthesia induction, distressed by the loss of control and feeling of helplessness which accompanies the experience of being anesthetized.
Fear of death.
Concern regarding lack of body control and loss of mastery.
Separation from family and peers may interfere with developmental task mastery.
Begins to understand irreversibility of death, becomes more real and final.
What developmental stage is this child in?
School age
6-12
Response To Hospitalization:
Leaving the care of his primary caregiver equals an intensely unhappy experience no matter how kindly the child is cared for.
Too young to understand necessity for separation.
Experiences instant grief and despair. Restrictions on newly acquired independence. The thrust toward autonomy is still tentative, dependent upon the sense of security and trust that someone will be available in case of need. An emotionally safe environment encourages exploration.
What developmental stage is this child in?
Toddler
1-3 years
Response To Hospitalization:
Significantly interferes with the achievement of an independent identity.
Unwanted dependence.
Disruption in plans for the future.
Limited access to friends.
Sense of being different from peers.
Threats to physical integrity and body image. Fear of being left out of the mainstream of life. Staff must be sensitive to possible family conflicts as they struggle with ambivalence about family support at traumatic times versus their developing need for autonomy.
Able to acknowledge the fragility of life.
What developmental stage is this child in?
Adolescents
13-17
Response To Hospitalization:
Separation from parents, feelings of abandonment when primary caretaker is not with them.
Unable to comprehend reasons for hospitalization.
Unable to anticipate reunion with parents.
What developmental stage is this child in?
Infant
0-12 months
