DONE: Erikson's Developmental Stages Flashcards
Individuals face the developmental task of forming intimate relationships with others. Erikson described intimacy as finding oneself yet losing oneself in another person.
What stage is this? What age does it occur?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
20s-30s
At no other time are children more enthusiastic than at the end of early childhood’s period of expansive imagination. As children move into the elementary school years, they direct their energy toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills. The danger at this stage involves feeling incompetent and unproductive. The children learn to do the things they do well.
What stage is this? What age does it occur?
Industry vs. Inferiority
School Age / 6 years - 12 (Puberty)
Individuals look back and evaluate what they have done with their lives. The retrospective glances can be either positive or negative. What stage is this? What age does it occur?
Integrity/Positive vs. Despair/Negative
60s - Death
As this age group of children encounter a widening social world, they are challenged more and need to develop more purposeful behavior to cope with these challenges. Children are now asked to assume more responsibility and pursue challenges. Uncomfortable feelings of self condemnation may arise, though, if the children is called irresponsible and are made to feel too anxious. Children learn to do things and doing things is desirable.
What stage is this? What age does it occur?
Initiative vs. Guilt
Preschool / 3-5 years
A sense of assurance requires a feeling of physical comfort and a minimal fear about the future. Infant’s basic needs are met by responsive, sensitive caregivers. Developmental task is to form a sense of security. This will aid the child in learning to love and be loved. The baby establishes trust with caregivers if basic needs are met. If they are not met the baby learns not to trust the caregiver.
What stage is this? What age does it occur?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Infant / 1st year (birth-12 months)
Ex. Not picking up a crying baby leads to mistrust.
Individuals are faced with finding out who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life. An important dimension is the exploration of alternate solutions to roles. Career exploration is important. They learn who they are and what kind of person they will be by adjusting to a new body image, seeking emancipation from parents, choosing a location, and determine a value system. New sense of identity or self is established. Self, family, peer group, and community are examined and redefined. This leads to independence from parents and reliance on peers. They are unable to establish a meaningful definition of self will experience confusion in one or more roles of life.
What stage is this? What age does it occur?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescent / 13-17 years
A chief concern for individuals in this stage is to assist the younger generation in developing and leading useful lives.
What stage is this? What age does it occur?
Generativity vs. Stagnation
40s-50s
After gaining trust in their caregivers, child will start to discover they have a will of their own. They assert their sense of independence. They realize their will. If they are restrained too much or punished too harshly, they are likely to develop a sense of insecurity. The child learns to make decisions for themselves. This is shown by controlling bodily excretions, saying no when asked to do something, and directing motor activity. Children who are consistently criticized for expressions of for lack of control will develop a sense of shame about themselves and doubt in their abilities. What stage is this? What age does it occur?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Toddler
2nd year
Ex. During potty training when the child has an accident if they are severely punished they will develop feelings of shame.
Nursing Implication: Allow child to be held often my parents, staff, etc. Offer comfort after painful procedures. Meet the child’s needs for food and hygiene. Encourage parents to sleep in the room. Manage pain effectively. At what developmental stage would you implement this intervention?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Infant / 1st year (birth-12 months)
Nursing Implication: Allow self-feeding opportunities. Encourage child to remove and put on clothes, brush teeth, or assist with hygiene. If restraint for a procedure is necessary, proceed quickly, providing explanations and comfort. Ask about toilet training and the childs rituals and words for elimination and allow child to continue with normal patterns of elimination, but accept and support regression in toilet training and tell the parents that this is normal. Provide potty chairs or modes of elimination that the child uses at home, if possible. At what developmental stage would you implement this intervention?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Toddler / 2nd year
Nursing Implication: Offer medical equipment for play to lessen anxiety about strange objects. Assess children’s concerns as expressed through their drawings if they do not want to verbalize. Accept and praise the child’s for making their own choices and allow them to express their feelings freely. At what developmental stage would you implement this intervention?
Initiative vs. Guilt
Preschool / 3-5 years
Nursing Implication: Encourage the child to continue schoolwork while hospitalized, and to bring a favorite past time to the hospital. Provide age-appropriate play activities and allow child to remain connected to friends. At what developmental stage would you implement this intervention?
Industry vs. Inferiority
School Age / 6 years - 12 (Puberty)
Nursing Implication: Provide a separate recreation room for this age group when they are hospitalized. Take health history and perform examinations without the parents present. Introduce child to other children in this same age group with the same health problem to decrease stress. Allow the patient to maintain contact with their friends outside the hospital. At what developmental stage would you implement this intervention?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescent / 13-17 years
