DONE: As Children Grow (Pathophysiology)

Question 1

Head proportionately ________, making child susceptible to _______.

Answer 1

Larger

Head Injury

Question 2

Higher metabolic rate.
Means
Higher _______ needs.
Higher _______ needs.

Answer 2

Oxygen

Caloric

Question 3

Until ________, the percentage of cartilage in ribcage is _________ than younger ages, making the ribs more flexible and compliant.

Answer 3

puberty

Higher

Question 4

All brain cells are present at ________. _________ and further development of nerve fibers occur during the first year.

Answer 4

birth

Myelinization

Question 5

Body surface area large for weight, making _______ susceptible to ________.

Answer 5

infants
hypothermia

Babies get cold easily!

Question 6

Anterior fontanelle and open sutures palpable up to about _____months. Posterior fontanelle closes between ____ to ____ months.

Answer 6

18

2-3

Question 7

Short narrow trachea in children under ____ years old makes them susceptible to foreign body obstruction.

Answer 7

5

Question 8

_______ is large in relation to small nasal and oral airway passages.

Answer 8

Tongue

Question 9

Until about ____ years of age, there’s a faster ______ rate, fewer and smaller ____, and less lung _____. Tidal volume is proportional to weight.

Answer 9

10
respiratory
alveoli
volume

Question 10

Up to about ____ or _____ years of age , diaphragm is primary breathing muscle. CO2 is not effectively expired when a child distressed, making child susceptible to ________.

Answer 10

4 or 5

metabolic acidosis

Question 11

Until _________, bones are soft and more easily bent and fractured.

Answer 11

puberty

Question 12

Muscles lack tone, power, and coordination during ______. Muscles are 25% of weight versus 40% in adults.

Answer 12

infancy

Question 13

_______ volume is weight dependent.

Formula: ______ mL/kg

Answer 13

Blood

80 mL/kg

Question 14

Until late ______ and ______ the cardiac output is rate dependent not stroke volume dependent, making the heart rate more rapid.

Answer 14

school age

adolescence

Question 15

Abdomen offers poor protection from the _____ and ______ making them more susceptible to trauma.

Answer 15

liver

spleen

Question 16

Until _____ to _____ months of age, the ________ do not concentrate urine effectively and do not exert optimal control over electrolyte secretion and absorption.

Answer 16

12 to 18 months

kidneys

Question 17

Until later _______ age , the proportion of body weight in water is ______, with more water in extracellular spaces. Daily water exchange rate is much _______.

Answer 17

school age
larger
higher

Question 18

Tidal Volume Range:

__ to __ mL/kg

Answer 18

7 to 10 mL/kg