Domain 5: COMPREHENSION Flashcards
What are the four types of reading comprehension?
- literal
- inferential
- evaluative
- listening
Literal comprehension
-ability to identify and recall information explicitly state in texts (main idea, details, sequence, story elements, etc.)
Inferential comprehension
-drawing conclusions based on collecting information from texts and applying it to personal knowledge (making predictions, inferring information not stated in the text about themes, events and characters).
Evaluative comprehension
-ability to analyze texts for facts and opinion, bias, evidence to support reasoning, analyzing themes (compare and contrast across texts, draw conclusions based on evidence, confirm predictions).
Listening comprehension
- application of all types of comprehension in relation to read alouds and academic discussions on topics and content areas. focus is on comprehension strategies (making and confirming predictions, making connections, classify, summarize etc.)
Factors that impede comprehension
- text structure: how the text is organized
- -chronological order
- -story grammar
- -compare and contrast
- -main ideas and details - syntax: how structure can be determined
- -clue words
- -linguistic patterns
- -background knowledge of theme - scaffolds
- -graphic organizer
- Cloze sentences for linguistic patterns
Compare signal words
like, both, similar to, as
Contrast signal words
different, instead of, unlike, rather than
Cause & Effect signal words
because, since, if, so, therefore, why
Instructional conversations
- reflecting on selection
- sharing ideas about concepts
- exploration of themes
Question the author
- question the opinion of the author
- question the information of the text
- question the types of text
- question the purpose or point of view
Think-pair-share
- think of the prompt provided by the instructor (1 min)
- turn to face your partner (decide who will speak first) (listen)
- share ideas with one another
Summarizing
facilitates comprehension is being met during and after reading
- story maps
- story frames
- story grammars
- independent summaries
Outlining
facilitates understanding of expository information
-study guides
Responding to text
facilitates understanding by making connections, analysis and opinion with support from text
Independent reading & comprehension
- promote books through read alouds
- determine reading level
- use a Cloze activity
- Interest inventory
- Anecdotal notes on reading behaviors
- Monitoring activities
- -reading journals
- -book reports
- -teacher/student conference
- -literature circles
- -literary projects.
Short story
fiction of such brevity that it supports no subplots
Myth
legend or traditional narrative, often based in part on historical events, that reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism, often pertaining to the actions of the gods.
Legend
story of a national or folk hero which has a basis in fact but also includes imaginative material
Historical fiction
story with fictional characters and events in a historical setting
Fantasy
fiction with strange or other worldly settings or characters , fiction which invites suspension of reality
Tall tale
humorous story with blatant exaggerations, swaggering heroes who do the impossible with nonchalance
Realistic fiction
story that can actually happen and is true to life
fairy tale
story about fairies or other magical creatures usually for children
Fable
narrative demonstrating a useful truth, especially in which animals speak as humans; legendary supernatural tale
Ballad (poetry)
written similar to a song and tells a story of an event or someone
Lyric (poetry)
music format
Couplet (poetry)
two lines that have a rhyming ending
Epic (poetry)
ex the Odyssey
Sonnet (poetry)
emphasis metrical & syllable patterns making sure it follows a beat
Satire (poetry)
opinion and held strong on position making everything/one look ridiculous
Tragedy (poetry)
protagonists is not victorious
Comedy (poetry)
protagonist is victorious
Elements of story grammar
- character
- setting
- plot
- theme
To deliver instruction on the elements of grammar
- mini lesson on explanation of elements
- teacher models identifying elements using a graphic organizer
- guided instruction - students identify elements why teacher monitors and provides feedback
- independent practice-students identify elements after reading lit.
Narrative analogies
- focus on literary elements
- use of figurative language
- the perspective of time and plot
- recognizing features of literary genre
Literary criticism
the study and analysis of literature with support for the texts
- -characterization
- -writing style
- -point of view
- -themes, trends and political views
- -setting (time and plot)
Key characteristics of expository and informational materials…
- textbooks
- news articles
- consumer manual
- research report
- website
- biography/autobiography
- speech
- essay
Common text structures
- chronological order
- cause and effect
- compare and contrast
- problem and solution
- descriptions
- steps in a process
- main ideas and detail
Transitional words and phrases
- subheadings
- links to paragraphs
Text feature: organizational
- table of contents
- index
- glossary
- biblography
Text feature: typographic
- italics
- underling
- capitalizing
- color coding
- boldfacing
Text feature: graphic
- charts
- maps
- graphs
- diagrams
- illustration
- photographs
oral language concepts
- explanation of key vocab (tier 3)
- preview/review texts
- oral paraphrasing
- oral summarizing
oral language activities
- think/pair/share
- linguistic patterns
- cooperative group discussions, using discussion starters
writing activities
- pattern guides
- study guide
- learning logs
- data retrieval charts
- research report (writing process)
- summary
development of graphic organizer
-description/process
-cause and effect
-new idea and detail
compare and contrast
development of study skills
- teaching students to reread
- provide graphic organizers
- study guides
- key questions
- learning logs
- data retrieval chart
development of research skills
- websites
- access information online
- -encyclopedia
- atlas
- journals
- articles
- biblographies
