Domain 3: FLUENCY

Question 1

The progression from letter naming to word reading.

Answer 1

1. letter naming
2. phonemic awareness
3. alphabetic principle
4. sight words
5. phonics
6. fluency
7. comprehension

Question 2

Fluency

Answer 2

The bridge between word analysis and reading comprehension.

Question 3

Role of Fluency Automacity Theory

Answer 3

based on the principle that tasks become easier requiring less attention through practice. Decoding becomes automatic through explicit instruction and practice. The goal of teachers is to move students beyond accuracy in decoding to automacity, so attention can be focused on comprehension of the text.

Question 4

What are the indicators that fluency has been attained?

Answer 4

1. accuracy
2. pacing
3. prosody

Question 5

Accuracy

Answer 5

determines that the students are pronouncing the wors correctly as they read.

Question 6

pacing

Answer 6

students are reading the text at the correct speed (according to the speed of their daily speech)

Question 7

prosody

Answer 7

students are reading with expression, phrasing, pitch and volume according to context and punctuating.

Question 8

Factors that disrupt fluency

Answer 8

1. weak word analysis
2. stop to decode unfamiliar words
3. lack of background knowledge
4. lack of context vocabulary
5. lack of complex syntactic structure

Question 9

How is fluency instruction done?

Answer 9

• teacher will review the difficult words (on index cards)
• read the word to the student(s)
• echo read
• chorally read words
• have students read independently

Question 10

What is the relationship between fluency and silent reading?

Answer 10

There is no relationship, silent reading does not increase fluency but works well in other areas.

Question 11

When should fluency be introduced?

Answer 11

Fluency should be introduced when students are able to recognize high frequency words and have decoding skills.

Question 12

How should fluency by introduced?

Answer 12

• direct explanation of accuracy pacing and prosody
• teacher models fluent reading
• teacher/student analysis of fluent reading
• student fluency practice

Question 13

What are the strategies for teaching students fluency?

Answer 13

1. guidance
2. practice
3. feedback

Question 14

How does “guidance” relate to fluency instruction?

Answer 14

• pre-teach vocabulary
• model fluent reading
• support student reading

Question 15

How does “practice” relate to fluency instruction?

Answer 15

• student reads with support
• timed readings
• repeated readings
• Reader’s theater

Question 16

How does “feedback” relate to fluency instruction?

Answer 16

-discuss progress of fluency attainment