Dog

Question 1

chromosomes in dog

Answer 1

same in all canis species: 2n=78, which is why wolfXdog hybridisation creates fertile progenies: new breeds e.g. nordic breeds, czech wolfhound)

Question 2

domestication of the dog

Answer 2

early: more than 15000yrs BC, first domestic species! dog=domestic wolf, since so early there are highly variable breeds, feral dogs are not common

Question 3

ancestry

Answer 3

4 parental generations are listed

Question 4

out-breeding in dogs

Answer 4

refreshment in pureblood breeding, where least related induviduals are mated. to make healthy and diverse gene pool of breed.

Question 5

dog: like to like mating

Answer 5

not related, similar phenotype but not genotype to incr. heterozygosis and possible improvement in quantitative traits.

(impr. breed traits w/o inbreeding)

Question 6

dog: unlike to unlike mating

Answer 6

different geno and phenotypes to incr. genetic instablity (avoided in dog mating as it incr. no. of mutations!)

Question 7

induvidual identification of the dog

Answer 7

polymorphic DNA sequences, microsatallites(repeated dna seq.)

Question 8

inbreeding depression

Answer 8

decr. fertility, litter size decr., reprod. problems, decr. vitality and resistance, abnormalities (tail torsion, brachioceph,)

Question 9

breeding goal in dog

Answer 9

incr. common genetic mateial over 50%, preserve/fix desired characteristics

Question 10

cross-breeds

Answer 10

labradoodle, puggle (beagle, pug), cockapoo (cocker spanial and poodle)

to reduce hereditary problems, hybrid vigour, heterosis, apperance, behaviour - produce a certian type

Question 11

dog reproductive traits

Answer 11

seasonally mono/diestrus, 4 phases of breeding cycle all together lasting 4-11months (proestrus, oestrus, luteal phase(60), anoestrus), vaginal bleeding during heat(oestrus), spontanious ovulation, pseudoovulation is common in some breeds