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LEG_GSBS Biochem > DNA1 > Flashcards

DNA1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is responsible for storing and translating the information encoding proteins and performing other chemistry?

A

Ribose Phosphate polymers

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2
Q

….. is responsible for enzymatically synthesizing all proteins.

A

RNA

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3
Q

How many monomers of DNA are in a human cell?

A

3x10^8-9

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4
Q

What is the length of a polymer of DNA inside a human cell?

A

1 meter

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5
Q

Draw deoxyribose

A

slide 2

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6
Q

Draw ribose

A

slide 2

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7
Q

What part of the central dogma contribute to errors that cause mutations?

A

transcription and translation

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8
Q

from bacteria to humans, what are mutation rates?

A

1X10^-9

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9
Q

In what types of organisms or cells are high mutation rates (1/1000) common?

A

viruses and cancer cells

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10
Q

What are the two categories of bases?

A

purines and pyrimidines

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11
Q

How are bases linked to ribose sugars?

A

N-linked

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12
Q

What is furanose.

A

cyclic ribose that puckers; 5 membered ring

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13
Q

What does furanose do in water?

A

Cyclizes and puckers

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14
Q

What is a nucleoside

A

Base + Sugar (NO PHOSPHATE)

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15
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

sugar + phosphate + base

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16
Q

Name and draw the Base, ribonucleoside, and ribonucleotide of A.

A

adenine, adenosine, adenylate

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17
Q

Name and draw the base, ribonucleoside and ribonucleotide of G

A

guanine, guanosine, guanylate

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18
Q

Name and draw the base, nucleoside, and nucleotide of C

A

cytosine, cytidine, cytidylate

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19
Q

Name and draw the base, nucleoside, and nucleotide of U

A

uracil, uridine, Uridylate

20
Q

Name and draw the base, nucleoside, and nucleotide of T

A

thymine, thymidine, thymidylate

21
Q

How many H bonds occur between C and G?

A

3

22
Q

How many H-bonds occur between A and T/U

A

2

23
Q

What contributes to the flexibility of DNA?

A

H-bonds and simple torsions

24
Q

Phosphate charges add …… due to repulsion.

A

electrostatic tension

25
Q

In the basic purine shape, what forms N1?

A

aspartate

26
Q

In the basic purine shape, what forms C2?

A

N10-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate

27
Q

In the basic purine shape, what forms N3?

A

Gln

28
Q

In the basic purine shape, what forms C4?

A

Gly

29
Q

In the basic purine shape, what forms N9?

A

Gln

30
Q

In the basic purine shape, what forms C8?

A

N10-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate

31
Q

In the basic purine shape, what forms N7?

A

Gly

32
Q

In the basic purine shape, what forms C5?

A

Gly

33
Q

In the basic purine shape, what forms C6

A

CO2

34
Q

Draw and name PRPP

A

5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate

35
Q

PRPP is the …… …… of the sugar unit in synthesis of nucleosides.

A

activated donor

36
Q

During biosynthesis of nucleosides, what enzyme is PRPP used with?

A

phosphoribosyl transferase

37
Q

What is the difference between a transferase and a kinase?

A

transferases transfer one element of a molecule to another
kinases transfer energy from ATP onto another molecule

38
Q

What enzyme attaches the pyrophosphate from ATP onto ribose 5-phosphate to create PRPP?

A

ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase

39
Q

The Purine rings are synthesized on the ……

A

ribophosphate

40
Q

Draw how PRPP (in purine nucleoside synthesis) goes to a five membered ring

A

slide 11

41
Q

Draw hypozanthine, Inosine, and inosinate

A

slide 12 + 13

42
Q

What is a salvage reaction?

A

when you take a purine base and use phoshphoribosyl transferase to replace the PPi of PPRP with the Purine base; free bases can be recycled and attached in a single step

43
Q

….. are enzyme inihibitors for purine synthesis

A

monophosphates

44
Q

What is the C2 and N3 in pyrimidines biosynthesis from?

A

Carbamoyl phosphate

45
Q

What is the N1, C6, C5, and C4 synthesized from in pyrimidine biosynthesis?

A

Aspartate

46
Q

What is persistence length?

A

The rigidity of DNA - how long can it stay straight before it flops over

LEG_GSBS Biochem (10 decks)

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