DNA structure, sources, and extraction Flashcards
label the three parts of the nucleotide
nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate.
what are the nitrogen bases and chargaffs base pairing rule?
adenine, guanine, cytoinine, thymine
adenine and thymine
guanine and cytosinine
what is the type of bonds that hold the nitrogen bases together
hydrogen
which bases are purines and pyrimidines
-adenine and guanine are purine because they have 2 nitrogen based rings
-cytosine and thymine are pyrimidine because they both have one nitrogen base ring
where is the DNA located in the cell of eukaryotes
the nucleus
where is the DNA located in the cell of prokaryotes
the nucleotide
Describe the organization of DNA from the smallest unit to largest structure.
Nucleotide, DNA, genes, chromatin, chromatid, and chromosome.
what is the relationship between chromosomes and genome
Genome Size (GS) was divided by Chromosome Number (CN) to give the average Genome Size per Chromosome (GS/ Ch).
what is the relationship between genes,traits, and proteins
These proteins have functions that affect the organism’s traits.
Is DNA positively or negativily charged?
negative
What are some potential sources of DNA from a crime scene?
-skin, cells, hair, clothing, bone, and teeth
how is DNA extracted from the cell
1) disruption of the cellular structure to create a lysate,
2) separation of the soluble DNA from cell debris and other insoluble material,
3) binding the DNA of interest to a purification matrix,
4) washing proteins and other contaminants away from the matrix
the purpose of soap, meat tenderizer, and alcohol in our DNA extraction process.
Meat tenderizer is an enzyme that further breaks down the protein-DNA bonds and dissolves the DNA. Isopropyl alcohol solidifies the dissolved DNA strands where the alcohol and strawberry mixture meet. Salt helps the strands clump and stick together.
