DNA & RNA

Question 1

what does DNA do

Answer 1

store, copy, transmit genetic info

Question 2

when does dna replic. take place

Answer 2

interphase synthesis

Question 3

what does DNA stand for

Answer 3

deoxyribo nucleic acid

Question 4

what phase of the cell cycle would a mistake occur resulting in a GENE mutat.

Answer 4

interphase (copy process)

Question 5

what phase of the cell cycle would a mistake occur reulting in a CHROMOSOMAL mut.

Answer 5

anaphase

Question 6

what is the macromol, monomer, and structure of dna

Answer 6

nucleic acid
nucleotide
double helix

Question 7

what are the 3 parts to a nucleotide

Answer 7

5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
phosphate group
nitrogenous base

Question 8

REMEBER NUCLEOTIDE DIAGRAM

Answer 8

REMEBER NUCLEOTIDE DIAGRAM

Question 9

what are the 4 diff deoxyribose in dna

Answer 9

adenine(purine) double ring
thymine(pyrimidine)single ring
cytosine(pyrimidine)single ring
guanine (purine) double ring

Question 10

describe the double helix

Answer 10

2 strands, sugar and phosphate backbone, center= paired nitrogen bases
strands r antiparralel

Question 11

what connects the nucleotides in dna

Answer 11

covalent bonds

Question 12

what did franklin do

Answer 12

used x-ray diffraction, revealed x shape pattern, 1st to describe the 2 strands and nitrogenous base inside

Question 13

what did watson and crick do

Answer 13

built the 1st 3d model of dna, discovered the structure of dna and that its held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 14

what is complementary base pairing

Answer 14

a>t

g>c

Question 15

what is chargoffs rules

Answer 15

amt of T in a smaple, was equal to amount of A. (same for g and c)

Question 16

what is the 1st stage of dna rep and what enzyme goes with it

Answer 16

hydropgen bomds break bases and dna unzips

enzyme- helicase

Question 17

2ns step of dna rep

Answer 17

new nucleotides base pair

Question 18

how do the nucleotides form again

Answer 18

1/2 old + 1/2 new (semi conservitave replication)

Question 19

what is the 3rd step of dna rep and what enzme goes with it

Answer 19

dna is proofread enzyme- dna polymerase

Question 20

what is helicase

Answer 20

enzme that breaks the hydrogen bond between strands of dna

Question 21

what is dna polymerase

Answer 21

proofreads dna

Question 22

what is telomerase

Answer 22

builds telomeres

Question 23

how many replication forks do prokaryotes and eukarotes have

Answer 23

pro- 1

euk-dozens

Question 24

what r the three types of dna and what do they do

Answer 24

mrna- carries dna message from nucleus to ribosome
rrna- makes ribosomes
trna- transfers the aa to the codon chain

Question 25

what is rna made of

Answer 25

chain of nucleotides (it directs the production of proteins)

Question 26

what is the central dogma

Answer 26

dna>rna>proteins

Question 27

what comes first transcription or translation

Answer 27

1. transcription | 2. translation

Question 28

what is transcription

Answer 28

-requires rna polymerase | it seperates the dna strands, then assembles nucleotides into a complementary strand

Question 29

what are promoters

Answer 29

regions of dna that start specific coding

Question 30

what are gene mutations called and what do they include

Answer 30

point mutations- substitutions, insertions, and deletions

Question 31

what do substitutions do

Answer 31

one base changes and sometimes have no effect at all

Question 32

what are insertions and deletions

Answer 32

(frameshift mutations) change every amino acid that follows the point of mutation

Question 33

chromosomal mutations

Answer 33

deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation

Question 34

what does deletion do

Answer 34

involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome

Question 35

what is a duplication

Answer 35

produced an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome

Question 36

what is inversion

Answer 36

reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome

Question 37

what is translocation

Answer 37

occurs when part of one chromo breaks off and attaches to another

Question 38

what are chemical mutagens

Answer 38

pesticides, tobacco, pollution

Question 39

what are physical mutagens

Answer 39

radiation

Question 40

is rna single or double stranded

Answer 40

single

Question 41

is dna single or double stranded

Answer 41

double

Question 42

what is trna

Answer 42

trna transfers each aa to the ribosme as its instructed to by the mrna

Question 43

what is translation

Answer 43

the decoding of mrna into a protein