DNA Replication

Question 1

Part of nucleotide that’s hydrophobic

Answer 1

Nitrogenous bases

Question 2

Purines

Answer 2

• Double ringed
• A & G
• PuGA-2

Question 3

Pyrimidines

Answer 3

• Single ringed
• C, T, U
• PyCUT-1

Question 4

of H Bonds A-T make

Answer 4

2

Question 5

of H bonds G-C makes

Answer 5

3

Question 6

Phosphate End Numbering

Answer 6

5’

Question 7

Sugar End Numbering

Answer 7

3’

Question 8

Gregor Mendel

Answer 8

Experimented on pea plants to discover genes

Question 9

Friedrich Miescher

Answer 9

• Isolated nuclei of WBC
• Nuclein: proteins w/P inside nucleus

Question 10

Pheobus Levene

Answer 10

• Insolated RNA, DNA to find bases, PO4, sugar
• Proposed chain of nucleotides

Question 11

Joachim Hammerling

Answer 11

Used algae to show genetic info in nucleus

Question 12

Fredrick Griffith

Answer 12

Discovered transformation, picking up DNA for its own

Question 13

Avery, Macleod, McCarty

Answer 13

• Mixed bacteria w/diff enzymes to see which molecule needed for transformation
• Proved DNA is genetic material/transformation

Question 14

Hershey, Chase

Answer 14

Used radioactive S & P to prove DNA is genetic material

Question 15

Watson, Crick

Answer 15

Created DNA structure & model

Question 16

Erwin Chargaff

Answer 16

Found complementary base pairs & 1:1 ratio

Question 17

Franklin, Wilkins

Answer 17

• Used x ray to find helical structure
• 10 base pairs per turn

Question 18

Semiconservative replication

Answer 18

New DNA = 1 old + 1 new strand

Question 19

Initiation

Answer 19

• DNA helicase unzips at origin of replication
• Replication bubble & fork form
• SSBs stops them from rebinding
• Topoisomerase relieves tension

Question 20

Replication Bubble

Answer 20

Forms unwound oval shape

Question 21

Topoisomerase

Answer 21

Cuts DNA, uncoils it, reattaches them

Question 22

Elongation

Answer 22

• RNA primers attach by primase to initiate base match up
• DNA polymerase 3 matches complementary bases w/nucleoside triphosphate
• DNA polymerase 1 removes primers, replaces them
• DNA ligase pieces okazaki fragments together

Question 23

Leading strand

Answer 23

Towards replication fork

Question 24

Lagging Strand

Answer 24

• Okazaki fragments
• Away from replication fork

Question 25

DNA Polymerase 3 works in

Answer 25

5’-3’ (starts at 3’)

Question 26

Termination

Answer 26

• Origin of replication joins together
• DNA separate from each other
• Double helix reforms

Question 27

Nucleoid

Answer 27

Specific region where DNA is, but no membrane

Question 28

Supercoiling is controlled by

Answer 28

Topoisomerase 1 & 2

Question 29

Histones

Answer 29

Protein that gives structure for chromosomes

Question 30

Nucleosomes

Answer 30

Grps of 8 histones w/double helix wrapped around it

Question 31

Linker DNA

Answer 31

Connects nucleosomes

Question 32

Similarities btwn Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Answer 32

• Has origin of replication
• Builds 5’-3’
• Leading & lagging strand
• Primers, polymerase

Question 33

Differences btwn Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Answer 33

• Prokaryotes replicate faster
• Eukaryotes have more types of polymerase
• Eukaryotes have telomeres

Question 34

DNA Polymerase 1 & 2

Answer 34

Proofreads

Question 35

Telomeres

Answer 35

Repeating TTAGGG sequence to protect end of chromosomes

Question 36

Telomerase

Answer 36

• Regenerates telomeres by adding more TTAGG using complementary bases
• Primers & polymerase adds on more bases

Question 37

Genome

Answer 37

Complete set of DNA

Question 38

Chromatin

Answer 38

Mixture of fibres (30 nm), protein that form chromosomes

Question 39

Nucleoside Triphosphate

Answer 39

• Nitrogenous base + 3 PO4s
• 2 PO4s used for nrg for polymerase
• Base + PO4 created backbone

Question 40

Meselson, Stahl

Answer 40

Showed DNA replication is semi conservative