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MCB 1 > DNA Metabolism, Sequencing, and PCR > Flashcards

DNA Metabolism, Sequencing, and PCR Flashcards

1
Q

Does RNA polymerase need a primer?

A

No

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2
Q

Proofreading is mediated by?

A

3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity

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3
Q

DNA helicase activity induces?

A

Positive supercoils

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4
Q

How many origins of replication are found in bacterial DNA?

A

One

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5
Q

Activation of origin of replication in eukaryotes is dependent on?

A

Cell cycle

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6
Q

What is the role of reverse transcriptase from retroviruses?

A

Make double stranded DNA from RNA

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7
Q

What is the role of telomerase in reverse transcriptase?

A

Add telomeric repeats protecting the chromosome from degradation

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8
Q

Most common replication errors are?

A

Mismatches and changes in number of short tandem repeats

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9
Q

What is the cellular response to UV damage?

A

Nucleotide excision repair

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10
Q

What is the role of exinucleases and endonucleases?

A

Make cut “nick” in single stand at the two sites flanking the damaged bases in nucleotide excision repair

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11
Q

DNA polymerase delta and epsilon function to?

A

Fill in the gap left by exinuclease

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12
Q

DNA lipase functions to?

A

Make phosphodiester bond between newly synthesized DNA and flanking DNA strand

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13
Q

What is the cause of cockayne syndrome?

A

Ineffective recognition of stalled RNA polymerase

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14
Q

What is the main external and endogenous cause of double stranded breaks in DNA?

A

X-Rays are external, stalled replication forks over improperly resolved DNA damage sites

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15
Q

Base excision repair starts with removal of damaged base by?

A

Glycosidase

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16
Q

What carries out translation at the nick in DNA done by endonucleases after glycosidase has removed damaged base?

A

DNA polymerase I

17
Q

What proteins recognize mismatches in DNA and initiate mismatch repair?

A

MutS and MutL

18
Q

What cuts the newly synthesized strand at the hemimethylated GATC site?

A

MutH

19
Q

After large portion up to the mismatch is removed by helicase/exonuclease action, the gap is then filled in by?

A

DNA polymerase III

20
Q

What part of the cell cycle does nucleotide excision repair take place?

A

G1

21
Q

What part of the cell cycle does mismatch repair take place?

A

G2

22
Q

CpG dint leotards are underrepresented in human genome, why?

A

Because C in this dinucleotide is easily methylated and mutated to T, this can lead to complimentary G being replaced by mismatch repair yielding a mutation. Hence why these dinucleotides are mutation hotspots

23
Q

For PCR-amplification of mRNA or viral RNA, mRNA must first be?

A

Reverse transcribed to DNA

24
Q

Does DNA polymerase need a primer?

A

Yes

MCB 1 (11 decks)

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