DNA B1 Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
What is DNA?
DNA is the chemical that all of our genetic material is made of. DNA is a polymer as it’s made up of lots of nucleotides stick together. It’s made up of 2 strands stuck together to form a double helix.
How is a chromosome formed?
DNA is split into 46 sections so it doesn’t tangle up and fits into a cell. Each section is a really tight coil which forms a chromosome.
Why is the 23rd pair of chromosomes different to the rest?
The 23rd pair of chromosomes are sex chromosomes. Women have XX to make them female, and men have XY to make them male.
What is a nucleotide made up of?
A nucleotide is made up of a phosphate, a sugar and a base. Every nucleotide is made up of the same sugar and phosphate but different bases.
What are the complementary base pairs?
A-T
C-G
What are the names of the 4 bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine.
What is a gene?
A gene is a small section of DNA that codes for a protein, it could be seen as a small segment of a chromosome. Each section of DNA codes for a specific sequence of amino acids.
What is a genome?
The entire set of genetic material in an organism.
How can working out the human genome benefit us?
Finding the complete human genome can help doctors choose more effective treatment to use. It can also allow scientists to develop better treatments. We can also trace migrations from small differences in genomes.
What is an allele?
An allele is a version of a gene.
What is homozygous?
Homozygous are 2 of the same alleles present.
What is heterozygous?
Heterozygous is 2 different alleles present.
What is a genotype?
A genotype is the all alleles present.
What is the phenotype?
Phenotype is the characteristics we get from the genotype.
