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biology 2 > Cells B1 > Flashcards

Cells B1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What is the nucleus and what does it do in cells?

A

The nucleus contains DNA in the form of chromosomes and it controls the cell’s activities.

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2
Q

What is a cytoplasm and what does it do in cells?

A

The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance and it’s where most chemical reactions occur.

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3
Q

What is the mitochondria and what does it do in cells?

A

Mitochondria are the site of respiration and contain enzymes needed for reactions.

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4
Q

What is the cell membrane and what does it do in cells?

A

The cell membrane holds the cell together and controls what comes in and out of the cell by providing a barrier. They also contain receptor molecules that are used by hormones.

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5
Q

What is the cell wall and what does it do in cells?

A

The cell wall is made of cellulose and it provides support for the cell.

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6
Q

What are chloroplasts and what do they do in cells?

A

Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs and they contain chlorophyll which makes leaves green.

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7
Q

What are ribosomes and what do they do in cells?

A

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made).

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8
Q

What is the permanent vacuole and what does it do in cells?

A

The permanent vacuole is a large sac that contains cell sap (mixture of sugars, salts and water) to provide nutrients to the cell when it needs them.

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9
Q

What are 3 sub-cellular structures that are in plant cells but not in animal cells?

A

Chloroplasts, Cell wall and the permanent vacuole.

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10
Q

What type of cell is a bacteria cell?

A

Prokaryotic

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11
Q

What type of cells are plant and animal cells?

A

Eukaryotic

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12
Q

What are 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have nucleus’, whereas prokaryotic don’t.
Eukaryotic are multicellular whereas prokaryotic cells are unicellular.
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

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13
Q

What are plasmids and what do they do in cells?

A

Plasmids carry extra genes (like antibiotic resistance) which the bacteria may need.

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14
Q

What is the flagella and what does it do in cells?

A

The flagella’s are tail like structures that allow the bacteria to propel themselves and move around.

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15
Q

What is the object in microscopy?

A

The real object or sample you’re looking at.

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16
Q

What is the image in magnification?

A

The image is the image you see when you look down the microscope.

17
Q

What is magnification in microscopy?

A

Magnification is how many times larger the image is than the object.

18
Q

What is the equation for finding magnification?

A

Magnification = Image Size ➗ Object Size

19
Q

What are some positives of light microscopes?

A

Light microscopes are small, simple to use and relatively cheap.

20
Q

What are some negatives of light microscopes?

A

Light microscopes rely on light and the resolution is limited to 0.2µm (micrometers)

21
Q

What is the resolution in microscopy?

A

Resolution is a measure of how detailed the image is.

22
Q

What are some positives to electron microscopes?

A

Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light, their maximum resolution is 0.1nm meaning they can see sub-cellular structures. Electron microscopes are 2000x better than light microscopes.

23
Q

What are some negatives to electron microscopes?

A

They are very expensive and hard to use.

24
Q

What is the smallest unit of measurement?

A

Nanometres (nm)

25
Q

How many µm is 1000nm?

A

1µm (➗1000)

26
Q

How many mm is 1900µm?

A

1.9mm (➗1000)

27
Q

What is the eyepiece lens in microscopy?

A

The eyepiece lens is used to see the image and it also magnifies the image.

28
Q

What is the objective lens in microscopy?

A

The objective lens magnifies the image. (There are usually 3 objectives lenses - x4, x10, x40)

29
Q

What does the stage do in microscopy?

A

The stage supports the slide.

30
Q

What does the clip do in microscopy?

A

It holds the slide in place.

31
Q

What do the lamps do in microscopy?

A

The lamp shines light through the slide so the image can be seen more easily.

32
Q

What do focusing knobs do in microscopy?

A

Focusing knobs move the stage up and down to bring the image into focus.

33
Q

What is chromosomal DNA in bacteria cells?

A

Chromosomal DNA is one long circular chromosome and it controls the cells activities and replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm.

biology 2 (12 decks)

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