DNA And RNA

Question 1

What group does DNA and RNA belong to?

Answer 1

Nucleic acids.

Question 2

What is the monomers of DNA called?

Answer 2

Nucleotides.

Question 3

What is a nucleotides made up of?

Answer 3

-Phosphate group
-Pentose sugar (deoxyribose).
-Organic nitrogenous base (A, T, C and G).

Question 4

What bonds are in a nucleotide?

Answer 4

Phosphodiester bonds.

Question 5

Where do phosphodiester bonds form on a nucleotide?

Answer 5

Between two adjacent nucleotides to from a dinucleotide.

Question 6

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 6

-Has two sugar-phosphate backbones.
-Has phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides.
-Contains hydrogen bonds between the bases.
-Contains adenine. thymine, cytosine and guanine.
-C and G contains 3 hydrogen bonds.
-A and T contain 2 hydrogen bonds.
-Has 2 polynucleotide strands which run anti-parallel to each other.
-Has a 3D double helix structure.

Question 7

If a DNA molecule is made up of 23% guanine, what percent is thymine?

Answer 7

-G is 23% so C is 23%
-G + C = 46%
-A + T = 54%
-54/ 2 = 27
-Thymine = 27%.

Question 8

What is DNA’s function?

Answer 8

Contains hereditary material which is passed down generations.

Question 9

Why is the structure of DNA useful for the moucule?

Answer 9

-Keeps it very stable so it does not change much.
-Can be easily replicated.
-Base pairs are protected by sugar-phosphate backbones.

Question 10

What is the monomer of RNA? What are they made up of ?

Answer 10

-Nucleotides.
-Pentose sugar (ribose), organic nitrogenous base (A, U, C, G) , phosphate group.

Question 11

What are some differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 11

• DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded.
  -DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil.
  -DNA contains a deoxyribose sugar, RNA contains a ribose sugar.

Question 12

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 12

-mRNA
-tRNA
-rRNA

Question 13

What is the differences in bases between DNA and RNA?

Answer 13

RNA contains no thymine, instead it contains uracil.

Question 14

How is a phosphodiester bond formed between to nucleotides in a DNA molecule?

Answer 14

-Goes through a condensation reaction and loses a molecule of water.
-Bond is formed between a phosphate and the deoxyribose sugar.
-The reaction is catalysed by DNA polymerase.

Question 15

How is a phosphodiester bond formed?

Answer 15

-Through a series of condensation reactions (losing a water molecule) between a phosphate molecule and the deoxyribose sugar.