Ammino Acids And Proteins

Question 1

Where do humans get proteins from?

Answer 1

Foods: meats, eggs, diary and fish.

Question 2

Where in the body are proteins found?

Answer 2

-Enzymes
-Hormones
-Collogen
-Antibodies

Question 3

What is the polymer of proteins called?

Answer 3

Polypeptide

Question 3

What is the monomer of proteins called?

Answer 3

Ammino acids

Question 4

What elements do all proteins include?

Answer 4

O, H, C, N (sometimes S)

Question 5

What groups do all proteins include in their basic structures?

Answer 5

-Amnio group
-Carboxyl group
-R group

Question 6

What group varies in a protein structure?

Answer 6

R group- structure determines function.

Question 7

How do humans get proteins which are not synthesised in the body?

Answer 7

Consuming foods which contain proteins and are then broken down into ammino acids (by hydrolysing) to then build more proteins.

Question 7

What bonds are in ammino acids?

Answer 7

Peptide bond between carbon and nitrogen (very strong).

Question 7

How many natural proteins are there?

Answer 7

20

Question 8

How do plants absorb proteins?

Answer 8

Through nitrogen in the soil.

Question 9

Which enzymes hydrolyses proteins?

Answer 9

Protease.

Question 9

What does a reaction between two ammino acids from?

Answer 9

A dipeptide

Question 10

What type of bond is a peptide bond?

Answer 10

Very strong covalent bond.

Question 11

How are proteins produced in the body?

Answer 11

Produced from the mRNA to have the right sequence and therefore function (goes through the ribosomes, nucleus and the rough ER).

Question 12

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 12

A chain of ammino acids with peptide bonds.

Question 12

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 12

-Forms an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet.
-Formed by folding or coiling of the primary structure.
-Has hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and ammino groups- 4 places in between.

Question 12

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 12

-Further coiling and folding of the secondary structure.
-Has three bond: hydrogen, ionic and disulphide bridges.
-Most proteins are now functional.

Question 13

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Answer 13

-Contains more than one polypeptide chain.
-Very specific
-Still coiled or pleated
-Contain inorganic compounds such as iron.

Question 14

What is an example of a quaternity protein?

Answer 14

Haemoglobin.

Question 15

Disulphide bridges:

Answer 15

-Very strong
-Broken down by reducing agents
-Placement is determined by R group.
-Between any ammino acid which contain S.

Question 16

Hydrogen bonds:

Answer 16

-Broken down easily by temperature and pH as the concentration is changed.

Question 17

Ionic bonds:

Answer 17

-Formed by oxygen on carboxyl groups.
-Between positive and negatively charged elements.

Question 18

How do globular proteins form?

Answer 18

-Hydrophobic parts of the R group move to the centre of the polypeptide to avid water.
-Hydrophilic parts move towards the water.
-Causes twisting of the ammino acid chain and changes shape.

Question 19

How is the tertiary structure denatured?

Answer 19

By heating
-Increases kinetic energy so parts vibrate faster.
-Bonds are broken(not covalent) and the structure begins to untwist.

Question 20

What extra group does the quaternary structure have?

Answer 20

A prosthetic group that helps it perform its function.

Question 21

What are the two types of proteins?

Answer 21

Globular and Fiberous.

Question 22

What are the features of fibrous proteins?

Answer 22

-Has three polypeptide chain (triple helix)
-Has structural functions.
-Repetitive structure
-Insoluble in water
-Has hydrogen bonds.
-Has a long and thin shape

Question 23

What are the features of globular proteins?

Answer 23

-Has 4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta)
-Has a spherical structure
-Functional proteins
-Soluble in water
-Has the three types of bonds